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iWIVtRSllY  UF  CALIFORNIA,  SAN  DIEGO 
.UJQtU.  CAUFORWA 


CATALOGUE  OF  EAELY  PRINTED  BOOKS 


CATALOGUE 


OF  THE 


William  Loring  Andrews 

Collection  of  Early  Books 


IN  THE 


LIBRARY  OF  YALE  UNIVERSITY 


NEW  HAVEN:  YALE  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 

LONDON:   HUMPHREY  MILFORD 

OXFORD  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 

MCMXIII 


Copyright,  1913 

BY 

Yale  University  Press 
Printed  from  type  October,  1913.    300  copies 


PREFACE 

The  collection  of  early  printed  books  presented  to  the 
Library  of  Yale  University  in  1894  by  Mr.  William 
Loring  Andrews,  of  New  York,  was  formed  to  illustrate 
the  first  century  of  printing,  which  is  a  better  boundary 
for  the  survey  than  the  half -century  ending  with  the  year 
1500,  more  often  chosen.  The  latter,  the  so-styled  cradle 
period  of  the  art,  is  wanting  in  real  definition,  being  at 
most  a  convenient  halting  place,  not  a  completed  stage, 
whereas  at  the  middle  of  the  sixteenth  century  the  printed 
book  of  the  better  class  had  acquired  most  of  its  maturer 
features  and  no  longer  has  for  us  an  unfamiliar  look. 
Designed  to  serve  as  a  permanent  exhibition,  it  is  a  selec- 
tion rather  than  a  collection,  not  large,  but  wisely  chosen, 
and  no  less  attractive  than  instructive,  having  been 
formed  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago,  at  a  time  when 
opportunities  were  unusually  favorable. 

The  surviving  books  of  the  first  presses,  which  are  the 
chief  sources  of  our  knowledge  of  the  early  art,  are  at 
the  same  time,  when  obtainable,  the  most  efficient  teach- 
ers. For  the  illustration  of  the  typography,  the  feature 
of  first  importance,  there  is  nothing  comparable  to  the 
open  pages  of  a  representative  series  of  the  original 
books,  such  as  are  here  spread  out  before  us.  The  best 
of  the  available  substitutes,  phototype  reproductions  of 
specimen  pages,  apart  from  other  limitations,  must 
always  lack  the  authority  and  the  impressiveness  of  the 
originals. 

While  it  is  the  main  office  of  the  present  collection  to 
set  before  the  students  of  the  University  as  a  whole  the 
more  general  features  of  the  art  of  the  early  printer,  a 
further  service  which  it  is  prepared  to  render  must  not 
be  overlooked.    To  such  as  are  prompted  to  go  into  the 


vi  PREFACE 

subject  more  deeply  it  offers  an  excellent  body  of  the 
original  material  upon  which  any  serious  study  must 
of  necessity  be  based. 

The  two  fine  fifteenth  century  MSS.  at  the  head  of  the 
collection,  far  from  serving  a  merely  ornamental  purpose, 
like  their  own  illuminated  initials  for  example,  are  a 
needful  introduction.  It  is  obvious  that  from  such 
sources  the  first  printers  got  the  models  of  their  types, 
and  the  MSS.  in  which  Jenson  found  the  prototypes  of 
his  famous  roman  characters,  which  in  the  judgment  of 
some  are  still  unsurpassed,  could  not  have  been  very 
remote  from  these.  Some  of  the  more  striking  features 
which  distinguish  the  early  printed  books  from  the  later 
were  not  original  with  them,  but  only  survivals  from  the 
MSS.  The  abbreviations  and  contractions  in  which  both 
abound  were  the  labor-saving  devices  of  the  copyists, 
adopted  without  hesitation  by  the  printers  who  used  the 
MSS.  as  copy  and  only  slowly  abandoned.  The  copyist 
left  spaces  in  his  MS.  for  initials  to  be  supplied  by  the 
illuminator,  without  which  his  work  was  not  considered 
complete,  and  for  about  a  hundred  years  the  printer  con- 
tinued to  do  the  same.  If  the  copyist  saw  fit  to  attach 
his  name  to  his  work,  we  look  for  it  at  the  end  of  the  vol- 
ume and  there  also  the  printer  placed  his  colophon.  Sig- 
natures and  catchwords,  to  guide  the  binder  in  the 
arrangement  of  the  sheets,  did  not  come  in  with  the 
printed  book,  but  had  long  been  in  use  in  the  MSS. 

Although  out  of  the  hundreds  of  presses  active  during 
the  first  century  only  a  score  are  here  represented,  leav- 
ing wide  gaps  in  the  series,  it  is  better,  because  more 
nearly  in  the  natural  line  of  development,  that  the  books 
should  be  ranged  under  the  country,  the  locality  and  the 
press  to  which  they  severally  belong,  than  that  they 
should  be  kept  in  strict  chronological  order.  A  general 
chronological  order  underlies  the  geographical  even 
where  it  does  not  come  to  the  surface.  By  right  of 
seniority  Germany  stands  at  the  head,  and  Mainz,  the 


PREFACE  vii 

birthplace  of  printing,  is  followed  by  the  other  German 
towns  in  the  order  of  their  press  age.  Next  come  the 
presses  of  Italy,  France,  Holland  and  England,  arranged 
in  like  order.  To  prevent,  however,  too  wide  a  departure 
from  the  chronological  succession  which  would  result 
from  the  strict  application  of  this  rule,  the  later,  i.e.,  the 
sixteenth  century,  Venice  and  Paris  books  are  separated 
from  the  earlier  and  transferred  to  the  end  of  the  list, 
where  in  point  of  development  they  properly  belong. 
Placed  in  the  order  thus  indicated,  the  books,  as  befits  so 
small  a  total,  are  numbered  consecutively  in  one  series. 
The  conspectus,  which  brings  into  one  view  the  titles, 
dates,  places  and  printers'  names,  will  serve  also  as  a 
sufficient  index. 

While  we  are  here  most  concerned  with  the  genealogy 
and  family  history  of  the  books,  or  in  other  words  with 
their  press  relationships,  the  personal  history  attaching 
to  them — habent  sua  fata  libelli — is  not  without  interest. 
The  Zeno  MS.  and  the  Philo,  printed  on  vellum,  are  the 
dedication  copies,  not  merely  set  apart,  but  specially  pre- 
pared for  this  use.  In  a  few  of  the  volumes  are  found  the 
names  or  the  arms  of  early  owners.  The  Livy  MS.  and 
one-half  of  the  printed  books  are  from  the  library,  dis- 
persed in  1886,  of  Michael  Wodhull  (1740-1816)  of  Then- 
ford,  Northamptonshire,  the  first  translator  into  English 
verse  of  all  the  extant  works  of  Euripides,  the  most  as- 
siduous and  painstaking  and  in  some  departments  of 
bibliography  the  best  equipped  among  the  book  collectors 
of  his  day.  It  was  his  custom  (well  illustrated  in  the 
present  collection)  to  enter  on  the  fly-leaf  of  each  pur- 
chase the  source  and  the  cost,  adding  as  a  separate  item 
the  binding,  often  by  Roger  Payne,  and  to  affix  his  name 
and  the  date.  His  vise  l '  Collat :  &  complet : "  is  seldom 
wanting  and  often  bibliographical  notes  and  references 
to  authorities  are  added.  Justinian's  Novellae,  printed 
by  Schoeffer,  and  all  the  Aldine  press  books  save  one  are 
from  the  library  gathered  at  Syston  Park,  Lincolnshire, 


PREFACE 

viii 


Thorold,  between  1775  »^^«Sffl«  to  all  the  vol- 
One  valued  mark  of  °™*™°  rf  cW  books  who 
umes,  is  the  ex  Ubns  of  the  lover  ted  and 

united  them  in  one  family,™  ^XersityLibrary. 
gave  them  into  tte  keepmg  ^^  ag  ^  appar- 

js  xsn&  «■* ,? r ils  necessary 

SU.-^'^^fSS^S:  compiler  to  .his 

jsrwasr  -  -  u^rsity  for  assist- 

ance  in  the  catalogue. 

Addison  Van  Name,  Librarian  Ementus. 

Yale  University  Library,  September,  1913. 


AUTHORITIES. 

Ames,  J.  Typographical  antiquities,  or,  History  of  printing  in 
England,  Scotland  and  Ireland,  enlarged  by  T.  F.  Dibdin. 
4  v.    4°.    Lond.,  1810-19. 

Blades,  W.  The  life  and  typography  of  William  Caxton.  2  v. 
4°.    Lond.,  1861-3. 

British  Museum.  Catalogue  of  books  printed  in  the  XVth  cen- 
tury now  in  the  British  Museum.  Pt.  i,  ii.  4°.  Lond.,  1908- 
12. 

Brown,  H.  F.  The  Venetian  printing  press.  4°.  N.  Y.  and 
Lond.,  1891. 

Brunet,  J.  C.  Manuel  du  libraire.  5e  ed.  6  v.  8°.  Paris,  1860-5. 

Burger,  K.  Deutsche  und  italienische  Inkunabeln.  Lief.  i-ix. 
f°.    Berlin,  1892-1912. 

Campbell,  M.  F.  A.  G.  Annales  de  l'imprimerie  neerlandaise  au 
XVe  siecle.    8°.    La  Haye,  1874-90. 

Claudin,  A.  The  first  Paris  press:  an  account  of  the  books 
printed  for  G.  Fichet  and  J.  Heynlin  in  the  Sorbonne 
1470-72.     [Bibl.  Soc.  Illust.  Monogr.  vi.]    4°.    Lond.,  1897. 

Copinger,  W.  A.    Incunabula  Biblica.    4°.    Lond.,  1892. 

Supplement  to   Hain's  Repertorium  bibliographicum. 

2  pt.  in  3  v.    8°.    Lond.,  1895-1902. 

Crevenna,  P.  A.  Bolongaro.     Catalogue  des  livres  de  la  biblio- 

theque  de  M.  Pierre-Antoine  Bolongaro-Crevenna.    5  v.    8°. 

Amsterdam,  1789. 
De  Vinne,  T.  L.    Notable  printers  of  Italy  during  the  fifteenth 

century.    4°.    New  York,  1910. 
Didot,  A.  Firmin.    Aide  Manuce  et  l'Hellenisme  a  Venise.    8° 

Paris,  1875. 
Duff,  E.  Gordon.     A  century  of  the  English  book  trade.     4° 

Lond.,  1905. 

Hand-lists  of  English  printers  1501-1556.    Pt.  i,  ii.    4° 

Lond.,  1895-6. 

Hain,  L.     Repertorium  bibliographicum.     2  v.  in  4  pt.     8° 

Stuttgart,  1826-38. 
Le  Long,  J.    Bibliotheca  sacra,  continuata  ab  A.  G.  Masch.    2  pt 

in5v.    4°.    Halae,  1778-90. 


x  AUTHORITIES 

Morgan,  J.  Pierpont.  Catalogue  of  manuscripts  and  early- 
printed  books  now  forming  a  portion  of  the  library  of  J. 
Pierpont  Morgan.    3  v.    f  °.    Lond.,  1907. 

Panzer,  G.  W.  Annales  typographici  ab  artis  inventae  origine  ad 
annum  MDXXXVI.    11  v.    4°.    Norimbergae,  1793-1803. 

Pellechet,  M.  Catalogue  general  des  incunables  des  biblio- 
theques  publiques  de  France.    T.  i-iii.    8°.    Paris,  1897-1909. 

Philippe,  J.    Origine  de  l'imprimerie  a  Paris.    8°.    Paris,  1885. 

Pollard,  A.  "W.  An  essay  on  colophons.  [Caxton  Club].  4°. 
Chicago,  1905. 

Proctor,  R.  An  index  to  the  early  printed  books  in  the  British 
Museum.    8°.    Lond.,  1898. 

The  printing  of  Greek  in  the  fifteenth  century.     [Bibl. 

Soc.  Illust.  Monogr.  viii] .    4°.    Lond.,  1900. 

Quaritch,  B.,  ed.  Contributions  toward  a  dictionary  of  English 
book-collectors.    Pt.  i-xiii.    8°.    Lond.,  1892-9. 

Renouard,  A.  A.  .Annales  de  l'imprimerie  des  Aide.  3e  ed.  8°. 
Paris,  1834. 

Annales   de   l'imprimerie   des   Estienne.     2e   ed.     8°. 

Paris,  1843. 

Ricci,  Seymour  de.  Catalogue  raisonne  des  premieres  impres- 
sions de  Mayence  (1445-1467).  [Veroff.  der  Gutenberg- 
Gesellsch.  viii-ix] .    4°.    Mainz,  1911. 

A  census  of  Caxtons.     [Bibl.  Soc.  Illust.  Monogr.  xvi]. 

4°.    Lond.,  1909. 


CONSPECTUS 


MANUSCRIPTS 


1.  Zeno.     Vita  Caroli  Zeni     . 

2.  Livius.     Historiarum  libri  I-X 


PAGE 
1 

3 


PRINTED  BOOKS 


1.  Biblia  Latin  a   .... 

2.  Justinianus.     Novellae 

3.  Isidorus.     Etymologiae 

4.  Gesta  Komanorum 

5.  Gregorius  I.     Homiliae 

6.  Psalterium  Latinum  . 

7.  Modus  perveniendi  ad  sapien 

tiam 

8.  Hugo.    De  arrha  animae     . 

9.  Caracciolus.     De   poenitentia 

10.  Valla.       Elegantiae     linguae 

Latinae 

11.  Plinius.       Naturalis     historia 

12.  Nonius  Marcellus.    De  com- 

pendiosa  doctrina 

13.  Dullaert.     Quaestiones  super 

Aristotelem  de  anima 

14.  Aristoteles.    De  animalibus  . 


15.  Ubertinus.     Arbor  vitae  cru- 

cifixae  Jesu 

16.  Albertis.     De  amoris  remedio 

17.  Aesopus.    Vita  et  fabulae 

18.  Ovidius.     Metamorphoses  . 

19.  Pius  II.  De  duobus  amantibus 

20.  Pius  II.    De  curialium  miseria 

21.  Plato.     Epistolae    .... 

22.  Magni.     Sophologium   .      .      . 

23.  Hieronymus.    Vaderboeck 


Mainz 

[Strassburg] 

[Cologne] 

[Augsburg] 


Venice 


J.  Fust  &  P.  Schoeffer        1462 


P.  Schoeffer 
[J.  Mentelin] 
[U.  Zell] 
[G.  Zainer] 


1477 
[c.  1473] 
[c.  1473] 

1473 
[c.  1473] 


N.  Jenson 


"  [c.  1473]  13 

"  1473  13 

Wendelin  of  Speier     1472  14 


1471  15 

1472  17 


"  1476     19 

F.  Eenner  &  Nicolas  of 

Frankf.  1473     21 

John   of   Cologne  &  J. 

Manthen  1476     22 


<  < 

A.  de  Bonetis 

1485     23 

[Florence] 

1471     24 

[Milan] 

Bonus  Accursius 

[c.  1480]  26 

Parma 

A.  Portilia 

1480     28 

[Paris] 

[Friburger,    Gering 

& 

Crantz] 

[1472]  28 

<< 

1 1 

[1472]  29 

« ( 

i  i 

[1472]  30 

1 1 

Crantz,   Gering   &   Fri- 

burger 

1477     32 

[Zwolle] 

P.  van  Os 

1490     33 

CONSPECTUS 


x\\% 


Higden.     Polychronicon     .      .      Westminster 

Ordinary  of  Christians       .      .      London 

Intrationes 

Plutarchus.     Moralia       .      .      Venice 

Scriptores  rei  rusticae 

Cicero.    Ehetorica  . 

30.  Celsus.    De  medicina  . 

31.  Cicero.   Epistolae  ad  Atticum         " 

32.  Cicero.     Orationes  ....  " 

33.  Ptolemaeus.      Planisphaerium         " 
Livius.     Historiae  Eomanae    .  " 

Biblia  Latina Paris 

Philo.     De  divinis  decern  ora- 

culis " 


24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 


34. 
35. 
36. 


W.  Caxton 
W.  de  Worde 
E.  Pynson 
Aldus  Manutius 

Andrea  d'Asola 

Aldi  filii 

Paulus  Manutius 

Vidua  Th.  Kerver 

C.  Stephanus 


PAGE 

[1482]  34 

1506  38 

1510  40 

1509  41 

1514  43 

1521  45 

1528  47 

1540  47 

1546  49 

1558  50 

1572  51 

1549  52 

1554  55 


MANUSCRIPTS 

1.  ZENO,  Jacopo.     Vitae,  morum,  rerumque  gestarum 
Caroli  Zeni  libri  X.    1458. 

Fine  white  vellum,  192  leaves,  in  19  quires  of  ten  leaves 
each  and  two  additional  leaves  at  the  end,  the  last  of 
which  is  blank.  Signed  on  the  lower  inner  angle  of  the 
last  page  of  each  quire  by  a  letter  (A-T)  which  is 
repeated  at  the  point  directly  facing  it  on  the  first  page  of 
the  next  quire.  Leaves  four  to  seven  of  the  first  quire 
and  all  of  quires  three  to  eight,  a  total  of  sixty-four 
leaves,  have  28  lines  to  the  page,  the  rest  27  lines.  Ruled 
on  one  side  only  with  a  hard  point.  Leaf  10y2  X  7  in., 
text-page  7  X  3%  in. 

Written  in  regular  Italian  minuscules  of  the  15th  cen- 
tury, formed  on  the  models  of  the  11th  and  12th  centuries. 

The  subject  of  the  memoir  is  the  distinguished  Vene- 
tian Admiral  Carlo  Zeno  (1334-1418),  brother  of  Nicolo 
and  Antonio,  reputed  discoverers  of  America.  His  biog- 
rapher, Jacopo  Zeno  (1417-1481),  Bishop  of  Feltre  and 
Belluno,  and  later  of  Padua,  was  his  grandson.  The  work 
is  dedicated  to  Pius  II.  in  honor  of  his  recent  elevation  to 
the  papal  throne,  and  since  this  is  evidently  the  dedica- 
tion copy,  the  accession  of  Enea  Silvio  Piccolomini  in 
August,  1458,  fixes  approximately  the  date  of  the  MS. 
In  April,  1460,  Jacopo  Zeno  was  translated  to  the  see  of 
Padua. 

The  execution  and  the  decoration  of  the  MS.  are  in 
keeping  with  its  special  use.  The  gratulatory  preface 
occupying  ten  pages  is  introduced  by  the  following  head- 
ing in  letters  of  burnished  gold : 

IN  LIBROS  VIT^E  MORVM  RERVMQ:  GESTA- 
RVM  CAROLI  ZENI  VENETI.    AD  PIVM  SECVN- 


2  CATALOGUE  OF 

DVM  PONTIFICEM  MAXIMVM.  IACOBI  FEL- 
TRENSIS  ET  BELLVNENSIS  ANTISTITIS.  PRAE- 
FATIO:  [GJLORIOSA  ....  The  ornamentation  of  the 
ten-line  illuminated  initial  G  is  of  the  interlaced  style, 
and  a  border  of  similar  pattern  surrounds  the  entire 
page,  enclosing  on  the  front  margin  vignettes — a  vase, 
two  rabbits  and  a  stork — and  at  the  foot  the  Piccolomini 
arms,  supported  by  kneeling  angels  and  surmounted  by 
the  papal  keys  and  tiara.  Each  of  the  ten  books  has  a 
heading  in  burnished  gold  in  which  the  dedication  to 
Pius  II.  is  repeated,  and  an  initial  of  like  character  to  that 
of  the  preface,  with  a  marginal  ornament.  The  occa- 
sional marginal  subject-headings  and  the  book-number 
at  the  top  of  each  leaf  are  likewise  in  gold. 

The  Latin  text  has  thus  far  been  printed  only  in 
Muratori's  Rerum  Italicarum  Scriptores  (of  which  a  new 
edition  is  now  in  progress),  vol.  xix,  Milan,  1731,  from  a 
MS.  then,  and  still,  preserved  in  the  library  of  the  Epis- 
copal Seminary  at  Padua.  This  MS.,  the  only  one  which 
he  was  able  to  discover,  Muratori  describes  in  the  follow- 
ing language:  "Codex  autem  Patavinus  quamquam  per- 
vetustus  a  non  satis  docto  Librario  profectus  est  ac 
proinde  occurrunt  ibi  quaedam  parum  castigata,  quaedam 
etiam  plane  vitiata.  Mutilus  praeterea  est  in  fine,  ubi  non 
multa  quidem  sed  tamen  aliqua  desiderantur. "  Mura- 
tori's text  breaks  off  in  the  middle  of  a  sentence  at  the 
end  of  the  nineteenth  (i.e.  the  last  full)  quire  of  our  MS., 
and  accordingly  lacks  only  the  seventeen  lines  contained 
on  the  next  leaf,  which  is  the  last.  If,  as  seems  quite  pos- 
sible, the  quiring  of  the  two  MSS.  is  the  same,  the  loss  of 
the  single  unprotected  leaf  at  the  end  is  the  more  readily 
explained. 

In  1591  there  was  published  at  Bergamo  an  abridged 
Italian  version,  made  from  an  illuminated  MS.  which  had 
once  belonged  to  the  famous  library  of  Matthias  Cor- 
vinus,  but  was  then  in  the  possession  of  Caterino  Zeno, 
governor  of  Bergamo.    It  had  been  among  the  spoils  car- 


EARLY  PRINTED  BOOKS  3 

ried  to  Constantinople  after  the  capture  of  Buda  by  the 
Turks  in  1526.  There,  seven  years  later,  it  had  been 
bought  and  carried  back  to  Italy  by  Caterino's  father, 
the  younger  Nicolo,  who,  in  1558,  first  gave  to  the  world 
the  narrative  of  his  ancestors'  voyages.  For  no  better 
reasons  than  that  the  Paduan  MS.  also  was  illuminated 
in  gold  and  colors,  and  that  it  had  been  bought  twenty- 
five  years  before  (c.  1700)  in  Venice  where  this  branch 
of  the  Zeno  family  had  become  extinct,  Muratori  was  in- 
clined to  identify  it  with  the  Corvinus  MS.  The  relations 
between  Pius  II.  and  the  king  of  Hungary,  who  was  his 
ally  in  the  proposed  crusade  against  the  Turks  upon 
which  he  was  just  embarking  when  overtaken  by  death, 
and  to  whom  the  48,000  ducats  which  he  left  behind 
him  were  sent  in  aid  of  the  prosecution  of  war,  suggest 
another  possibility.  It  may  be  safely  assumed  that 
between  the  present  MS.,  given  only  an  opportunity  to 
acquire  it,  and  any  other  copy  the  king's  choice  could  not 
have  hesitated. 

The  MS.  is  in  18th-century  Italian  binding,  red 
morocco,  gilt  edges.  Sold  with  other  MSS.  from  the 
library  of  the  Trivulzio  family  of  Milan  at  Leavitt's 
auction,  New  York  City,  November,  1886. 

2.  LIVIUS,  Titus.    Historiarum  Eomanarum  libri  I-X. 
Late  15th  century. 

Vellum.  336  leaves,  the  last  blank.  34  quires  all  hav- 
ing ten  leaves,  except  the  17th  and  34th  which  have  eight 
each.  31  lines  to  the  page;  catchword  placed  at  right 
angles  with  the  last  line  of  the  quire ;  ruled  on  both  sides 
with  plummet.    Leaf  14^  X  10  in.,  text-page  9  X  6  in. 

Written  in  very  regular,  bold  Italian  minuscules  of  the 
period  of  the  Renaissance. 

The  first  page  of  the  preface  is  surrounded  by  an  illu- 
minated border  in  gold  and  colors  in  the  Renaissance 
style  of  ornament,  into  which  are  introduced  the  Carac- 
cioli   arms   belonging   to   the   distinguished   Neapolitan 


4  CATALOGUE  OF 

family  of  that  name.  The  initial  F  on  this  page  is  histo- 
riated  with  a  view  of  Eome,  and  each  of  the  ten  books  has 
an  eight-line  initial  of  dull  gold  on  a  background  of  red, 
blue  and  green,  with  marginal  ornamentation. 

From  the  close  agreement,  even  in  punctuation,  be- 
tween this  MS.  and  the  edition  printed  at  Milan  in  1495 
by  Ulrich  Scinzenzeler  for  Alexander  Minutianus,  and 
from  other  features  which  forbid  the  supposition  that 
one  is  taken  directly  from  the  other,  we  must  conclude 
that  they  both  reproduce  a  common  ancestor. 

This  MS.  of  the  first  Decade  of  Livy  is  in  unusually  fine 
preservation,  and  is  bound  in  russia  extra,  with  broad 
borders  of  gold  and  gilt  marbled  edges. 

Brought  from  Palermo  by  Dr.  Anthony  Askew  (1722- 
1772),  it  was  sold  with  his  collection  of  MSS.  in  1785. 
Michael  Wodhull,  Esq.,  of  Thenford,  Northamptonshire, 
who  gave  seven  guineas  for  the  volume  at  "White's  sale" 
in  March,  1798,  added  to  his  customary  entry  of  these 
details  on  the  fly-leaf  this  note:  "This  appears  to  be  the 
very  Book  which  I  saw  Sir  W.  Burrell  purchase  at  Dr. 
Askew 's  manuscript  Auction  (No.  482)  for  thirty- two 
guineas ;  in  Sir  W.  Burrell 's  Auction,  May,  1796,  it  is  said 
to  have  gone  for  about  five  (No.  657).  The  note  in  Bib. 
Askev.  manuscripta  is:  'Ex  Panormo  in  Sicilia  hunc  cod. 
adduxit  secum  CI.  Askevius.'  &  '300  annor.  MSS.  longe 
pulcherrimus. '  " 

At  the  sale  of  the  Wodhull  library  in  January,  1886, 
the  Livy  MS.  and  the  greater  part  of  the  15th-century 
books  hereinafter  described  were  acquired  by  the  donor 
of  the  collection,  William  Loring  Andrews,  M.  A.,  of  New 
York  City. 


PRINTED   BOOKS 

1.  BIBLIA   LATINA.    Moguntiae,    Johannes   Fust   et 
Petrus  Schoeffer,  14  August,  1462. 

[Folio.  481  leaves,  2  columns,  48  lines  to  the  column, 
gothic  letter,  without  signatures,  catchwords  or  pagina- 
tion.] 

Leaves  204,  205  containing  Judith  xiv.  17 — Esther  iv. 
4. 

Fol.  204^>,  col.  1  (red) :  explicit  liber  iudith  secundum  ieronimum.  Incipit 
prologus  in  librum  hester.  Col.  2  (red)  :  Explicit  prologws.  Incip.  liber 
hester.  Hain  *3050.  Pellechet  2281.  Copinger  4.  Brit.  Mus.  15th  cent., 
I,  p.  22.    Burger  pi.  74.    De  Eicci  79. 

Five-line  initial  of  prologue  and  fourteen-line  initial  I 
of  Esther  i.  1  supplied  in  colors.  Heading  of  leaf  in 
alternate  red  and  blue  capitals.  Initial-strokes  in  red 
on  text  capitals.    Measurement  16^4  X  11^  in. 

The  fourth  printed  Bible,  and  the  first  in  which  place, 
printers '  names  and  date  are  given.  These  details,  which 
are  wanting  in  so  many  of  the  books  of  the  early  printers, 
Fust  and  Schoeffer — and  Schoeffer  when  he  carried  on 
the  business  alone — rarely  failed  to  add  to  anything  large 
enough  to  be  called  a  book  that  came  from  their  press. 
This  is  their  fifth  book  and  the  colophon  attached  to  the 
first,  the  famous  Psalter  of  1457,  was  repeated  in  them 
all,  with  no  essential  change  beyond  the  date,  and  con- 
tinued to  do  duty  for  ten  years  longer.  In  the  present 
Bible  among  the  typographical  differences  found  in  the 
copies  are  three  varieties  of  the  colophon,  two  of  which 
however  are  identical  in  language  and  differ  only  in  the 
printers'  use  of  contractions  and  capitals.  The  more 
common  of  the  forms  affirms  that:  "This  present  work 
by  the  ingenious  invention  of  printing  or  stamping  letters 


6  CATALOGUE  OF 

without  any  scratching  of  the  pen  has  been  thus  fashioned 
in  the  city  of  Mainz  and  to  the  worship  of  God  has  been 
diligently  brought  to  completion  by  Johann  Fust  citizen 
and  Peter  Schoeffer  clerk  of  the  same  diocese  in  the  year 
of  the  Lord  1462,  on  the  eve  of  the  Assumption  of  the 
Virgin  Mary." 

In  Seymour  de  Ricci's  "Catalogue  raisonne  des  pre- 
mieres impressions  de  Mayence  (1445-1467),"  Mainz, 
1911,  61  known  copies  of  this  Bible,  36  of  them  on  vellum, 
are  enumerated  and  41  copies  which  cannot  now  be 
traced.  The  fragment  in  our  possession  is  entered 
(No.  115)  as  one  leaf  only,  instead  of  two. 

The  second  dated  Bible,  the  eleventh  in  the  series  of 
printed  Bibles,  was  that  of  Sweynheym  and  Pannartz, 
Rome,  1471 ;  the  third  was  a  reprint  by  Schoeffer  in  1472 
of  the  present  edition,  page  for  page,  line  for  line  and  in 
the  same  type. 

2.  JUSTINIANUS.  Novellae  constitutiones,  sive  Au- 
thenticum.  Consuetudines  feudorum.  Codicis  libri 
X-XII.  Moguntiae,  Petrus  Schoeffer,  21  August, 
1477. 

Fol.  T.  [Text  (red)] :  In  nomiwe  domini  nostri  ihesu 
ckristi.  de  heredibws  et  falcidia  constitutio  prima  si 
heres  legata  soluere  noluerit  Incipit  cowstitutio  Impera- 
toris  Iustiniani.  a.  Iohawni  pape  secuwdo.  [Commentary] : 
[I]N  nomine  domini.  Iustinianus  opus  suum  laudabile 
deo  attribuit.  Fol.  16 9b.  Explicit  liber  autewticorwm. 
Fol.  170*.  [Text  (red)] :  Incipkmt  consuetudines  feudo- 
rum. Fol.  206*.  [Text  (red)] :  Codicis  domini  iustiniani 
sacratissimi  principis  perpetui  augusti  repetite  prelec- 
tionis  incipit  liber  decimus.  Fol.  300h,  Colophon  (red) : 
Anno  incarnaciowis  dominice  .M.cccc.lxxvii.  xii.  kalewdis 
septembrijs!  Sanctissimo  in  ohvisto  patre  ac  domino, 
domino  Sixto  papa  .iiii.  pontifice  maximo.  Illustrissimo 
noblissime  domus  austrie  domino,  domino  Friderico  Ro- 
manorum  Imperatore  inuictissimo,  monarchic  chris^iane 


EARLY  PRINTED  BOOKS  7 

dominis!  Reuerendissimo  deoqwe  amabili  in  Chxisto 
pa£re  ac  domino,  domino  Diethero  archipresule  Magun- 
tino;  in  ciuitate  Maguncia  impressorie  artis  inuewtrice 
atqwe  elimatrice  prima  .x.  collacionum  triumqwe  librorum 
Codicum  opus  egregium,  Petrus  Schoiffer  de  Gernsheiin, 
glorioso  fauewte  deo  suis  consignando  scutis,  feliciter 
finiuit.    [Pkinter's  Device  in  red.] 

Folio.  1.  Novellae:  quires  [iw,  28,  3-6io,  7-86,  910,  ios,  11-121°,  138,  1410, 
158,  166,  17-18io,  19io-i  (the  blank  second  leaf  cut  away)],  169  leaves. 
2.  Consuetudines  feudorum:  quires  [1-31°,  46],  36  leaves.  3.  Codicis  libri 
X-XII:  quires  [18,  210,  3-58,  6^  7s,  g*,  9-1010,  1110  + 1  (the  additional  leaf 
prefixed)],  95  leaves.  In  all  300  leaves,  two  columns  of  text  and  two  of  com- 
mentary, 51  lines  of  text  and  66  of  commentary  to  the  column,  gothic 
letter,  without  printed  signatures,  catchwords  or  pagination.  Two-  to  six-line 
spaces,  some  with  guide-letters,  left  for  capitals.  Two  pinholes,  the  use  of 
which  Schoeffer  was  thought  to  have  abandoned  a  little  earlier  than  the  date 
of  this  volume.  Titles  and  colophon  printed  in  red.  The  text  type  is  that 
of  the  Bible  of  1462.   Hain  *9623.   Brit.  Mus.  15th  cent.,  I,  p.  33  (IC.  217). 

The  first  page  of  each  of  the  three  works  is  ornamented 
with  a  floral  scroll  border  in  colors.  At  the  head  of  the 
several  books  are  thirteen  initials  in  gold  and  colors. 
Chapter  initials  in  alternate  red  and  blue ;  initial-strokes 
in  red  in  both  text  and  commentary. 

The  present  volume  agrees  in  contents  with  the  fifth 
and  last  volume  of  the  Corpus  juris  as  it  is  found 
arranged  in  the  medieval  MSS.,  except  for  the  omission 
of  the  Institutiones,  already  sufficiently  accessible  in  sepa- 
rate editions,  of  which  no  less  than  fifty  were  printed  in 
the  15th  century,  the  first  of  them  by  Schoeffer  himself 
in  1468.  The  first  three  volumes  of  the  Corpus  were 
occupied  by  the  Digests,  the  fourth  by  the  Codex  lib. 
i-ix.  The  last  three  books  of  the  Codex  relate  mainly 
to  public  law  and  having  lost  much  of  their  importance 
were  transferred  to  the  fifth  volume. 

That  the  order  of  the  three  parts  in  the  present  copy, 
viz.  1.  Novellae,  2.  Consuetudines,  3.  Codex  lib.  x-xii, 
is  that  intended  by  the  printer,  is  clear  both  from  the 
position  and  from  the  language  of  the  colophon — the  po- 
sition because  the  colophon  is  attached  to  the  Codex,  and 


8  CATALOGUE  OF 

the  language  because  it  describes  the  volume  as  consist- 
ing of  "the  ten  Collations  and  the  three  books  of  the 
Codes. ' '  The  Novellae  were  usually  divided  by  the  com- 
mentators into  nine  Collations,  perhaps,  as  Savigny  sug- 
gests, to  parallel  the  first  nine  books  of  the  Codex.  Some- 
times, however,  as  in  the  present  case,  the  Consuetudines 
feudorum  were  joined  with  them  and  reckoned  as  a  tenth 
collation.  Notwithstanding  these  plain  indications,  in  the 
copy  described  by  Hain  *9623,  and  in  the  British  Museum 
copy  (as  at  present,  though  not  as  originally,  bound),  the 
Codex  x-xii  is  placed  between  the  Novellae  and  the  Con- 
suetudines, thus  removing  the  colophon  from  its  natural 
place  at  the  end  of  the  volume.  In  the  first  edition  of 
these  works,  printed  by  Vitus  Puecher,  Rome,  1476,  they 
were  placed  in  the  order  last  named,  but  the  colophon 
was  there  attached  to  the  Consuetudines. 

After  the  death  of  his  father-in-law  and  partner  Fust, 
late  in  1466  or  early  in  1467,  Schoeffer  conducted  the 
press  alone  until  his  death  in  1502.  After  1478,  however, 
his  activity  as  a  printer  was  much  diminished. 

The  present  large  and  fine  copy  (leaf  15%  X  11^4  in-)> 
with  the  manuscript  signatures  still  in  part  preserved,  is 
from  the  library  of  Sir  John  Hayford  Thorold  (1773- 
1831)  of  Syston  Park,  Lincolnshire,  sold  in  December, 
1884.  In  the  Meerman  sale  at  the  Hague,  1824,  this  same 
copy,  bound  as  at  present  in  russia  gilt,  sold  for  64 
florins. 

3.  ISIDORUS   HISPALENSIS.     Etymologiarum  libri 
XX.     [Strassburg,  Johann  Mentelin,  c.  1473.] 

Fol  1,  blank.  Fol.  2&:  INCIPIT  EPISTOLA  ISIDORI 
IVNIORIS  HISPALENSIS  EPISCOPI  AD  BRAVLIO- 
NEM  CESARAVGVSTANVM  EPISCOPVM.  [Three 
other  letters  to  the  same  and  two  replies ;  tabula  genera- 
lise Fol  3\  col  2:  INCIPIVNT  CAPITVLA  PRIMI 
LIBRI.  INCIPIT  LIBER  PRIMVS  ETHIMOLOGIA- 
RVM  ISIDORI  HISPALENSIS  EPISCOPI.    DE  DIS- 


EARLY  PRINTED  BOOKS  9 

CIPLINA  ET  ARTE.  Fol.  27\  col.  1:  INCIPIVNT 
CAPITVLA  LIBRI  QVARTI.     Fol.  27h,  col.  2:  PRE- 

FACIO.    [DJOrnino  et  filio  syseputo  ysidorws IN- 

CIPIT  LIBER  YSIDORI  DE  RERVM  NATVRA  AD 
SISEPVTVM  REGEM.  Fol.  37%  col.  2:  INCIPIVNT 
CAPITVLA  LIBRI  QVARTI.  INCIPIT  LIBER 
QVARTVS  DE  MEDICINA.  Fol.  142%  Colophon: 
EXPLICIT  LIBER  ETHIMOLOGIARVM  ISIDORI 
HISPALENSIS  EPISCOPI. 

Folio.  Quires  [1-1310,  1412],  142  leaves,  the  first  blank,  2  columns,  51  lines 
to  the  column,  without  signatures,  catchwords,  pagination,  printer's  name, 
place  or  date.  Gothic  lower-case  type,  roman  capitals.  Book  and  chapter 
headings  printed  wholly  in  majuscules.  Large  woodcut  diagrams.  Three- 
to  nine-line  spaces  left  for  chapter  and  book  initials,  also  spaces  for  occa- 
sional Greek  words  (mostly  left  unsupplied)  and  for  small  diagrams.  Two 
pinholes,  which  in  Mentelin  's  use  point  to  a  date  not  later  than  1473.  Hain 
*9270.    Brit.  Mus.  15th  cent.,  I,  p.  57  (IC.  586).    Burger  pi.  170. 

On  the  first  page  large  illuminated  initial  with  floral 
border  ornament,  and  similar  initials  at  the  head  of  the 
several  books.  Chapter  initials  supplied  in  red  or  blue ; 
initial-strokes  in  red  throughout  the  volume.  Blank  first 
leaf  wanting. 

Incorporated  with  the  present  edition  of  the  Etymol- 
ogiae  by  way  of  supplement,  though  not  named  in  the 
table  of  contents,  is  an  earlier  treatise  of  Isidore's  en- 
titled Be  natura  rerum,  written  at- the  request  of  Sisebut, 
king  of  the  Visigoths,  612-621,  and  dedicated  to  him.  It 
contains  the  sum  of  the  physical  philosophy  of  his  time, 
and,  being  largely  astronomical,  is  sometimes  found  in 
the  MSS.  under  the  title  Liber  de  astronomia.  In  order 
to  bring  it  into  immediate  connection  with  the  corre- 
sponding section  of  the  Etymologiae,  it  is  placed  imme- 
diately after  the  third  book  (devoted  to  the  quadrivium, 
the  last  division  of  which  is  astronomy)  and  given  irregu- 
larly the  heading  "Liber  quartus,"  the  regular  Liber 
quartus  (De  medicina)  beginning  twenty  pages  later. 
Two  of  the  48  chapters  of  which  it  is  composed  are  want- 
ing here>  but  by  the  subdivision  of  other  chapters  the 


10  CATALOGUE  OF 

number  is  raised  to  58.  Zainer  of  Augsburg,  the  printer 
of  the  first  edition  of  the  Etyniologiae,  dated  19  Novem- 
ber, 1472,  followed  it  the  next  month  with  an  edition  of 
De  responsione  mundi  et  astrorum  ordinatione  ad  Sesi- 
butum  regem,  which  is  the  work  in  question  under  an- 
other title.  Printed  with  the  same  type  and  the  same 
number  of  lines  to  the  page,  it  was  in  effect  treated  as  a 
supplement  to  the  Etymologiae. 

According  to  the  testimony  of  a  fellow  printer,  de 
Lignamine,  in  the  ''Chronica  summorum  Pontificum," 
Rome,  1474,  Mentelin  as  early  as  1458  was  printing  at 
Strassburg  300  sheets  a  day.  The  third  Latin  Bible 
(1460-1461)  and  the  first  German  Bible  came  from  his 
press,  but  the  first  work  to  which  he  affixed  his  name  and 
a  date  was  the  Speculum  historiale  of  Vincent  of  Beau- 
vais  in  1473.    He  died  in  1478. 

The  Wodhull  copy,  bought  at  "Hayes's  sale"  in  1794 
for  £5.5s.,  and  bound  in  russia  gilt,  with  Wodhull  arms 
on  side,  by  Mrs.  Weir  for  £1.2s.    Leaf  15%  X  11  in. 

4.  GESTA  ROMANORUM.  [Cologne,  Ulrich  Zell,  c. 
1473.] 
Fol.  1,  blank.  Fol.  2*:  Ex  gestis  romanorwm  hystorie 
notabiles :  de  vitijs  virtutibusqwe  tractantes :  cum  appli- 
cacionibws  moralizatis  et  misticis:  Incipiunt  feliciter. 
Fol.  160b,  col.  1,  Colophon:  Ex  gestis  romanorwm  cum 
plurib^s  applicatis  historijs :  de  virtutibws  et  vitijs  mis- 
tice  ad  intellectum  trawssumptis  Recollectorij  finis  est 
feliciter.  LAVS.  DEO.  Fol.  160h,  col.  2:  Incipiunt  tituli 
numerorum  omnium  capitulorim  et  exemplorwm.  Fol. 
163":  Tabula  omnium,  exemplorwm  et  capitulonm  operis 
prsecedentis.  secundum  ordinem  alphabeti.  Fol.  170": 
Explicit  tabula.    Fol.  170h,  blank. 

Folio.  170  leaves  in  seventeen  quires  of  ten  leaves  each,  2  columns,  36 
lines  to  the  column,  gothic  letter,  without  signatures,  catchwords,  pagina- 
tion, place,  printer 's  name  or  date.  Two-  to  five-line  spaces  left  for  capitals. 
One  pinhole  in  side  margin,  others  possibly  cut  away  in  binding.  Hain  7734. 
Pellechet  5247.    Brit.  Mus.  15th  cent.,  I,  p.  196  (IB.  2994). 


EARLY  PRINTED  BOOKS  11 

On  foL  2a  and  163a  five-line  initials  in  blue  with  graceful 
pen  decoration  in  red.  Initials  of  chapters  and  morals 
supplied  in  alternate  red  and  blue.  Paragraph-marks 
and  initial-strokes  in  red;  headings  underlined  in  red. 
Blank  first  leaf  wanting. 

This  edition  of  the  Gesta  contains  181  chapters  and 
appears  to  have  been  preceded  only  by  another  undated 
edition  printed  at  Utrecht  by  Ketelaer  and  Leempt,  in 
long  lines,  with  152  chapters  and  no  index. 

Ulrich  Zell  was  the  first  printer  of  Cologne.  His  first 
dated  book  was  issued  in  1466  and  he  continued  to  print 
quite  up  to  the  close  of  the  fifteenth  century.  Nearly  all 
his  books  are,  like  the  present,  without  place,  date  or 
printer's  name.  Of  the  177  books  which  he  is  known  to 
have  printed,  the  British  Museum  possesses  123. 

The  Wodhull  copy,  bound  in  russia,  gilt  edges.  Leaf 
10%  X  7y2  in.  Mem.  on  fly-leaf:  "Pateson's  Auction. 
£5.5s ;  washing,  cleaning,  mending  and  binding  by  Roger 
Payne  £1.2s.6d.    M.  Wodhull,  May  25th,  1786."  ' 

5.  GREGORIUS    I.    Homilige    XL    super    Evangeliis. 
[Augsburg,  Gimther  Zainer.]     28  August,  1473. 

Fol.  T:  Ordo  .xl.  omeliarum  beati  gregorij  pape  ad  se- 
cundinum  episcopum  Thauronitarum.  Fol.  lh:  SEQVI- 
TVR  EPISTOLA  [RjEuerendissimo  et  sawctisshno 
frati  secundino  coepiscopo.  Gregoriws  seruus  seruorum 
dei.  Fol.  2\  EXPLICIT  EPISTOLA  INCIPIT  EWAN- 
GELIVM.  S.  LVCAM  ....  Omelia  prima  beati  Gregorij 
pape.  Fol.  141h,  Colophon:  Adeptus  est  finis  ambarwm 
parcium  omeliarwm  beatissimi  gregorii  pape  vrbis  rome 
jn  die  sancti  hermetis  sub  Anno  domini  M  cccc  lxxiij. 
Fol.  142*:  Table  of  the  homilies  in  the  order  of  the 
liturgical  year. 

Folio.  Quires  [1-131°,  1412],  142  leaves,  33  lines  to  the  page,  gothic 
letter,  without  signatures,  catchwords,  pagination,  place  or  printer's  name. 
Two-  and  three-line  spaces  left  for  capitals,  which  are  supplied  in  red.  Para- 
graph-marks and  initial-strokes  in  red.  Hain  *7948,  Pellechet  5366.  Brit. 
Mus.  15th  cent.,  II,  p.  319  (IB.  5457). 


12  CATALOGUE  OF 

Gregory's  Homilies,  of  which  this  is  the  first  edition, 
and  the  three  next  following  works  bound  with  it,  are 
from  the  press  of  Giinther  Zainer,  of  Reutlingen,  the  first 
printer  of  Augsburg.  All  are  in  the  same  type,  the 
heavy-faced  gothic  of  his  second  font,  are  rubricated  by 
the  same  hand,  and  though  two  of  them  are  undated,  were 
all  evidently  printed  at  about  the  same  time.  He  was  the 
first  printer  in  Germany  to  make  use  of  roman  type,  of 
which  the  earliest  example  seems  to  have  been  his  ' '  Cal- 
endarium  pro  anno  1472."  He  died  in  1478,  ten  years 
after  the  appearance  of  his  first  dated  book. 

The  Wodhull  copy,  bound  by  Roger  Payne  in  russia 
gilt.  Leaf  12  X  8^4  in.  Mem.  on  fly-leaf :  "Payne's  sale. 
£2.12.6,  binding  and  restoring  17s.6d.  These  four  pieces 
were  taken  out  of  old  monastic  binding.  M.  Wodhull, 
Jan.  5th,  1795.' ' 

6.  PSALTERIUM    LATINUM.      [Augsburg,    Giinther 
Zainer,  c.  1473.] 

Fol.  la:  Prologus  beati  jeronimi  presbiteri  in  psalterium 
quod  ipse  de  hebraico  transtulit  in  latinum  [EJVsebius 
jeronim^s  soffronio  suo  salutem.  Fol.  lb:  Explicit  pro- 
logus beati  jeronimi.  Incipit  psalterium  Psalmos  dauid 
primus.  Fol.  5T:  Canticum  Ysaie  capitulo  lxxij  {sic), 
followed  by  cantica  of  Hezekiah,  Hannah,  Moses  (2), 
Habakkuk.  Fol.  54*,  Colophon:  Explicit  trawslacio 
solifoqmorum  siue  psalterij  beatissimi  Ieronimi  eusebii 
presbiteri  qwod  ad  peticionera  soffronij  transtulit  ut  in 
episfolam  ante  psalterium  impressa  praemittitwr  etc. 

Folio.  Quires  [l-5io,  6*],  54  leaves,  33  lines  to  the  page,  gothic  letter, 
without  signatures,  catchwords,  pagination,  place,  printer's  name  or  date. 
Two-  to  four-line  spaces  left  for  initials,  which  are  supplied  in  red.  Para- 
graph-marks and  initial-strokes  in  red.  Hain  *13470.  Brit.  Mus.  15th  cent., 
II,  p.  320  (IB.  5560). 

Jerome's  final  translations  of  the  Old  Testament  books 
direct  from  the  Hebrew  were  all  adopted  into  the  received 
Latin  version,  the  Vulgate,  except  this  of  the  Psalms. 


EARLY  PRINTED  BOOKS  13 

Here  his  earlier  revision  of  the  old  Italic  version  on  the 
basis  of  the  Septuagint  had  become  so  firmly  established 
in  liturgical  use  that  the  translation  from  the  Hebrew, 
though  more  exact,  could  not  displace  it.  This  appears 
to  be  the  first  printed  edition. 
Bound  with  No.  5.  Gregorii  Homiliae. 

7.  MODUS  PERVENIENDI  AD  SUMMAM  SAPIEN- 

TIAM.    [Augsburg,  Giinther  Zainer,  c.  1473.] 

Fol.  la;  [SjEntite  de  domino  in  bowitate  et  in  simpli- 
citate  cordis  qwaerite  ilium.  Fol.  2*:  Explicit  prologus 
Incipit  modus  ad  sum  mam  perveniendi  sapienciam.  Fol. 
24*f  I.  33,  End:  sibi  sparso  diuinitws  in  ipsum  ardentis- 
sime  se  extendit  etc.    Fol.  24h,  blank. 

Folio.  Quires  [1-2W,  3*],  24  leaves,  33  lines  to  the  page,  gothic  letter, 
without  signatures,  catchwords  or  pagination,  place,  printer's  name  or  date. 
Two-  to  four-line  spaces  left  for  capitals,  which  are  supplied  in  red.  Initial- 
strokes  in  red.    Hain  *11490.    Brit.  Mus.  15th  cent.,  II,  p.  320  (IB.  5531). 

Bound  with  No.  5.  Gregorii  Homiliae. 

8.  HUGO    de    SANCTO    VICTORE.      Soliloquium    de 

arrha   animae.      [Augsburg,    Giinther   Zainer.]     12 
October,  1473. 

Fol.  1*:  Incipit  soliloquium  beatissimi  Augustini  epis- 
copi  yponensi  (sic)  de  arra  anime.  Fol.  7h,  End:  Raptws 
est  finis  hums  tractates  Augustmi  de  arra  anime.  feria 
tercia  post  festum  sancti  Dyonisy  Anno  dommi  lxxiij  etc. 
Fol.  8,  blank. 

Folio.  8  leaves,  the  last  blank,  33  lines  to  the  page,  gothic  letter,  without 
place  or  printer's  name.  Three-line  space  for  first  initial  and  initial-strokes 
supplied  in  red.  Blank  last  leaf  wanting.  Hain  *2021.  Pellechet  1525. 
Brit.  Mus.  15th  cent.,  p.  319  (IB.  5451). 

The  author  of  the  work  here  directly  ascribed  to  St. 
Augustine  was  the  mystic  theologian  Hugo  de  Sancto 
Victore  (1097-1140),  member  of  the  Canons  Regular  of 
St.  Augustine  and  head  of  the  abbey  school  of  St.  Victor, 
near  Paris.    From  his  familiarity  with  the  writings  of 


14  CATALOGUE  OF 

Augustine  and  likeness  to  his  spirit,  lie  was  styled  Alter 
Augustinus,  a  title  which  furnishes  a  plausible  but  not 
wholly  satisfactory  explanation  of  the  confusion  in  the 
present  case.  For  among  the  spurious  writings  which 
have  been  put  under  Augustine's  name  more  than  one 
has  been  borrowed  from  this  author.  For  example, 
chapters  5-10  of  the  Liber  de  diligendo  Deo  are  taken 
almost  word  for  word  from  the  present  treatise. 

In  the  present  edition  of  this  soliloquy  cast  in  the  form 
of  a  dialogue  the  interlocutors  are  Augustinus  and 
Anima  (both  names  always  printed  in  capitals) ;  in  a 
Strassburg  edition  of  about  the  same  date,  Hugo  and 
anima  sua;  in  the  collected  edition  of  Hugo's  works, 
homo  and  anima. 

Bound  with  No.  5.  Gregorii  Homiliae. 

9.  CARACCIOLUS,  Robertus,  de  Licio.  Opus  quad- 
ragesimale  quod  de  poenitentia  dictum  est.  Venetiis, 
Wendelinus  de  Spira,  20  July,  1472. 

Fol.  1,  blank.  Fol.  2*:  Hec  est  tabula  omnium  sermonum 
contentorum  hoc  in  uolumine.  Fol.  5a:  Sacre  theologie 
magistri  necnon  sacri  eloquij  preconis  celeberrimi  fratris 
Roberti  de  Litio  ordinis  Minorwm  professoris  opws  quad- 
ragesimale  perutilissimum  quod  de  penitentia  dictum  est. 
Feliciter  incipit.    Fol.  267*,  Colophon  : 

Yendelinus  ego  gentis  cognomine  spiere! 

Roberti  haec  caste  purgata  uolumiwa  pressi ! 

Sedis  apostolice  Romano  praeside  Sixto 

Magnanimo  et  uenetum  Nicolao  precipe  Truno 
M.cccclxxij.xx.quintilis. 

Fol.  267h,  268,  blank.  Fol.  269*:  Sermo  in  festo  annmi- 
tiationis  uirginis  marie  et  eiusdem  Roberti  cum  tribus 
(sic)  aliis  sermonib-ws  sequewtibws.  s.  de  predestinato 
numero  damnatorwm  et  de  cathenis.  Fol.  289h:  Finis 
trium  sermonum  Fratris  Roberti.   .    .   Fol.  290,  blank. 

Quarto.  Quires  [1-7™,  812,  9-11W,  128,  13-15™,  168,  17.2710,  28-306,  31«], 
290  leaves,  1,  268,  290  blank,  40  lines  to  the  page,  gothic  letter,  without 


EARLY  PRINTED  BOOKS  15 

signatures,  catchwords  or  pagination.  Two-  to  seven-line  spaces  with  guide- 
letters  left  for  initials.  Two  pinholes  on  side.  Initials  and  paragraph-marks 
supplied  in  red.  Blank  leaf  268  wanting.  Hain-Copinger  4424.  Pellechet 
3244.    Proctor  3524. 

Wendelin  of  Speier  succeeded  in  1470  to  the  press 
established  in  1469  by  his  brother  John,  the  first  printer 
of  Venice,  who  lived  to  complete  only  four  books. 
Gothic  type  was  introduced  into  Italy  by  Wendelin. 

Eoberto  Caraccioli,  born  at  Lecce  in  1425,  was  bishop 
of  his  native  city  from  1484  to  1495.  The  great  reputa- 
tion which  these  sermons  enjoyed  is  attested  by  the  fact 
that  four  editions,  three  of  them  printed  in  Venice, 
appeared  in  1472,  and  four  more  in  1473,  one  of  which 
was  Wendelin 's  second  edition,  an  exact  reprint  of  the 
present. 

The  Wodhull  copy,  bought  at  the  sale  of  the  library  of 
Samuel  Tyssen,  in  1801,  for  £l.ls.,  bound  in  russia  gilt, 
with  Wodhull  arms  on  side,  at  a  further  cost  of  19 
shillings.    Leaf  10y8  X  7%  in. 

10.  VAT/LA,  Laueentius.    Elegantiae  linguae  Latinae. 
Venetiis,  Nicolaus  Jenson,  1471. 

Fol.  1*:  LAVEENTII  VALLENSIS  ELegantiarwm 
compendiosae  collections  in  ordinem  alphabeti  directs 
principium.  Fol.  9\  blank.  Fol.  9h:  LAVEENTII  VAL- 
LENSIS VIEI  CLAEISSIMI  ET  DE  LINGVA  LA- 
TINA  BENE  MEEENTIS  AD  IOANNEM  TOETEL- 
LIVM  AEETINVM:  CVI  OPUS  ELEGANTIAE VM 
LINGVAE  LATINAE  DEDICAT  EPISTOLA.  Fol. 
11*:  LAVEENTII  VALLENSIS  PATEICII  EOMANI 
COMMENTAEIOEVM  GEAMMATICOEVM  SECVN- 
DVM  ELEGANTIAM  LINGVAE  LATINAE  LIBEE 
PEIMVS  DE  NOMINE  VEEBOQVE.  ET  EX  HIS 
DVOBVS  COMPOSITO  PAETICIPIO  INCIPIT  PEO- 
OEMIVM.  Fol.  159h:  LAVEENTII  VALLENSIS  DE 
LANGVAE  LATINAE  ELEGANTIA  TEETIVS 
LIBEE     FINIT:     INCIPIT     IIIL     DE     NOMINVM 


16  CATALOGUE  OF 

SIGNIFICATIONIBVS.  [For  TERTIVS  read  QVIN- 
TUS;  for  IIII.  DE  NOMINVM  SIGNIFICATIONIBVS 
read  VI.  DE  NOTIS  SCRIPTORVM.]  Fol.  190a:  LAV- 
RENTII  VALLENSIS  DE  LINGVAE  LATINAE  ELE- 
GANTIA:  ET  DE  EGO  MEI  TVI  ET  SVI  AD  10 AN- 
NEM  TORTELLIVM  ARETINVM  LIBER  INCIPIT. 
Fol  200\  Colophon:  LAVRENTII  VALLENSIS  DE 
LINGVAE  LATINAE  ELEGANTIA:  ET  DE  EGO 
MEI  TVI  ET  SVI  AD  IOANNEM  TORTELLIVM 
ARETINVM  PER  ME  M.  NICOLAVM  IENSON 
VENETIIS  OPVS  FELICITER  IMPRESSVM  EST. 
M.CCCCLXXI.    Fol.  201,  202,  blank. 

Quarto.  Quires  [1»,  2",  3-4M,  512,  6-71°,  812,  9",  lO-ll™,  1212,  138,  146, 
15-1910,  208],  202  leaves,  the  last  two  blank,  roman  letter,  39  lines  to  the 
page,  without  signatures,  catchwords  or  pagination.  Two-  to  six-line  spaces 
left  for  capitals  and  spaces  also  for  Greek  words,  to  be  supplied  in  manu- 
script. Two  pinholes  on  side.  The  type  is  Jenson's  first  font.  Hain  15802. 
Proctor  4071. 

At  the  head  of  the  first  page  is  a  large  initial  of  the 
interlaced  vine  pattern  in  gold  and  colors,  with  a  border 
of  the  same  pattern  enclosing  the  entire  page.  The 
remaining  five  books,  the  prefatory  epistle  and  the  sup- 
plement Be  ego,  mei  et  sui  are  introduced  by  initials  of 
the  same  size  and  style.  Alternate  red  and  blue  capitals 
at  the  head  of  chapters,  paragraph-marks  also  in  red  and 
blue. 

A  few  of  the  spaces  left  for  Greek  words  are  filled  in 
manuscript,  but  more  are  left  vacant.  When  Jenson  later 
in  the  same  year  printed  Cicero's  Letters,  he  was  pro- 
vided with  Greek  type.  The  blank  fol.  9a  is  occupied  by 
a  transcript  in  an  early  hand  of  the  greater  part  of  lib. 
i,  cap.  iv  (De  ficu),  from  a  MS.  the  readings  of  which 
differ  materially  from  the  printed  text. 

For  the  purposes  of  the  index  the  six  books  have  been 
divided  into  a  continuous  series  of  479  chapters,  desig- 
nated in  the  margins  of  the  text  by  manuscript  roman 
numerals,  but  in  the  index  by  printed  numerals.     The 


EARLY  PRINTED  BOOKS  17 

references  are  not,  as  in  later  editions,  to  book  and  chap- 
ter, but  to  chapters  only.  The  index,  alphabetized  by  the 
first  letter  of  the  word  only,  printed  on  different  paper 
and  forming  a  separate  quire,  is  here  placed  at  the  begin- 
ning of  the  volume;  but  traces  of  earlier  manuscript 
signatures  still  remaining,  bear  witness  to  a  former 
order  in  which  the  text  preceded  the  index,  as  is  still  the 
case  in  some  copies  of  this  edition. 

Most  of  Jenson 's  early  books  were  folios.  But  not- 
withstanding the  size  of  the  leaf  (13  X  8  in.),  this  is  a 
quarto,  as  both  the  direction  of  the  chain-lines  and  the 
position  of  the  water-mark  prove.  However,  because  of 
the  limitations  of  the  early  presses,  it  was  doubtless 
printed  on  half-sheets,  folio-wise,  two  pages  at  most  at 
one  impression. 

Of  the  twenty-four  15th-century  editions  of  the  Ele- 
gantiae  the  three  earliest,  one  of  which  was  Jenson's, 
were  printed  in  1471. 

Although  the  tradition  that  Nicolas  Jenson,  master  of 
the  mint  at  Tours,  was  sent  by  Charles  VII.  in  1458  to 
Mainz  to  learn  the  secrets  of  the  newly  discovered  art  of 
printing  is  otherwise  unsupported  and,  in  view  of  the 
manner  in  which  the  invention  was  afterwards  carried 
to  France  as  well  as  to  other  countries  by  private  initia- 
tive, improbable,  he  was  already  a  master  of  the  art, 
wherever  and  however  acquired,  when  he  established  in 
1470  the  press  which  held  the  leading  place  at  Venice 
until  his  death  in  1480. 

The  present  exceptionally  fine  copy  of  the  Elegantiae, 
bound  in  citron  morocco,  with  gold  borders  and  gilt 
edges,  is  the  Wodhull  copy,  bought  in  1786  of  Payne  for 
£10.10s. 

11.  PLINIUS    SECUNDUS,    C.      Naturalis    historia. 
Venetiis,  Nicolaus  Jenson,  1472. 

Fol.  1,  blank.  Fol  2*:  CAIVS  PLYNIVS  MARCO 
SVO  SALVTEM.     Fol.  4\-  CAII  PLYNII  SECVNDI 


18  CATALOGUE  OF 

NATVRALIS  HISTORIAE  LIBER  X  CAIVS  PLY- 
NIVS  SECVNDVS  NOVOCOMENSIS  DOMITIANO 
SVO  SALVTEM.  PRAEFATIO.  Fol.  21*:  CAII 
PLINII  SECVNDI  NATVRALIS  HISTORIAE  LIBER 
.n.  Fol.  355%  Colophon:  CAII  PLYNII  SECVNDI 
NATVRALIS  HISTORIAE  LIBRI  TRICESIMI  SEP- 
TIMI ET  VLTLMI  FINIS  IMPRESSI VENETIIS  PER 
NICOLAVM  IENSON  GALLICVM  .M.CCCC.LXXII. 
NICOLAO  TRONO  INCLYTO  VENETIARVM  DVCE. 
Followed  by:  lohannis  andreae  episcopi  aleriensis  ad  pon- 
tificem  summum  Paulum  secundum  uenetum  epistola. 
Fol.  356*:  Hereneus  lugdunensis  episcopus :  item  Iustinus 
ex  pkilosopho  martyr:  item  cum  diuo  Hieronymo  Euse- 
bius  csesariensis :  serio  posteritatem  adiurarunt:  ut 
eorum  descripturi  opera  conferrent  diligenter  exempla- 
ria:  et  sollerti  studio  emendarent.  Idem  ego  turn  in 
caateris  libris  omnibus  turn  maxime  in  Plynio  ut  fiat; 
uehementer  obsecro :  obtestor :  atque  adiuro :  ne  ad  priora 
menda :  et  tenebras  iwextricabiles  tanti  sudoris  opus  rela- 
batwr.  Instauratum  aliquawtulum  sub  romano  powtifice 
maximo  Paulo  secuwdo  ueneto.    Fol.  356h,  blank. 

Folio.  Quires  [112,  28,  3-81°,  912,  10-1510,  168,  17-271",  286,  29-3010,  31-358, 
3612,  378],  356  leaves,  first  blank,  50  lines  to  the  page,  roman  letter,  without 
signatures,  catchwords  or  pagination.  Two-  to  twelve-line  spaces  left  for 
capitals,  with  guide-letters;  also  spaces  for  occasional  Greek  words.  Greek 
type  sparingly  used,  oftener  transliteration  in  roman.  Two  pinholes.  Hain 
*13089.    Proctor  4087.    Morgan  Cat.  II,  p.  39,  n.  297. 

The  rubrication  of  the  present  copy  is  not  only  elabo- 
rate but  also  of  unusual  merit.  The  first  of  the  twelve- 
line  initials  of  the  thirty-seven  books  is  finely  illuminated 
in  gold  and  colors.  The  others,  in  the  outlines  of  which 
grotesque  features  are  occasionally  introduced,  are  set 
off  by  skilful  pen-work,  harmonizing  in  general  effect, 
but  carefully  avoiding  repetition  in  details.  The  chapter 
initials  also,  a  thousand  or  more  in  number,  in  alternate 
red  and  blue,  or  red  and  green,  have  much  variety  and 
grace.  The  initial  L,  for  example,  occurring  twenty-eight 
times  in  the  first  book,  is  never  repeated  in  the  same  form 


EARLY  PRINTED  BOOKS  19 

and  color.  The  blank  fol.  3b  is  occupied  by  the  name 
Jesus  in  very  large  and  ornate  characters,  in  different 
colors,  surrounded  by  scroll  and  figure  decoration.  The 
Bagneri  arms,  included  in  the  ornamentation  of  the  first 
initial,  point  to  an  early  ownership  of  the  volume,  and 
the  arms  of  the  Antella  family  of  Florence  at  the  foot  of 
the  first  page,  to  a  later  ownership. 

The  introductory  epistle  of  the  younger  Pliny,  describ- 
ing his  uncle's  manner  of  life,  was  addressed  to  his  friend 
Macer,  who  here  becomes  Marcus  by  the  easy  trans- 
position of  Macro  to  Marco.  Less  easily  explained  is  the 
substitution  in  the  dedication  of  Domitian  for  his  brother 
Titus  Vespasian,  to  whom  Pliny  dedicated  the  work. 

Two  editions  of  the  Naturalis  Historic/,  preceded  this, 
the  first  printed  by  John  of  Speier  in  1469,  with  a  five 
years '  privilege  from  the  Venetian  senate,  which  expired 
at  his  death  in  1470,  the  second  by  Sweynheym  and  Pan- 
nartz,  Eome,  1470.  With  the  first  of  these,  Jenson's  edi- 
tion agrees  in  the  number  of  pages  and  of  lines  to  the 
page.  From  the  second  he  reprinted  the  letter  addressed 
by  the  editor  Johannes  Andreas,  Bishop  of  Aleria,  to  his 
patron  Pope  Paul  II.,  and  the  earnest  appeal  for  care  on 
the  part  of  any  who  should  reprint  his  Pliny,  "ne  ad 
priora  menda  et  tenebras  inextricabiles  tanti  sudoris  opus 
relabatur."  Fifteen  more  editions  were  printed  before 
the  close  of  the  15th  century.  Jenson's  Pliny  is  gen- 
erally regarded  as  the  finest  production  of  his  press.  The 
type  is  his  first  font. 

The  Wodhull  copy,  bought  of  Thomas  Payne,  book- 
seller, in  1791  for  £12.12s.,  and  bound  by  Roger  Payne  in 
russia  gilt,  with  Wodhull  arms  on  side,  at  the  additional 
cost  of  £1.    Leaf  15%  X  10%  in. 

12.  NONIUS  MARCELLUS.    De  compendiosa  doctrina. 
Venetiis,  Nicolaus  Jenson,  1476. 

Fol.  1,  blank.  Fol.  2-20,  alphabetical  index.  Fol.  21, 
blank.    Fol.  22* :  NONII  MARCELLI  PERIPATETICI 


20  CATALOGUE  OF 

TIBVRTICENSIS  COMPENDIOSA  DOCTRINA  AD 
FILIVM  DE  PROPRIETATE  SERMONVM.  Fol.  194% 
Colophon  :  NONII  MARCELLI  PERIPATETICI  TI- 
BVRTICENSIS COMPENDIOSA  DOCTRINA  AD 
FILIVM  DE  PROPRIETATE  SERMONVM  IM- 
PRESSA  VENETIIS  INDVSTRIA  ATQVE  IMPEN- 
DIO  NICOLAI  IENSON  GALLIC!  .M.CCCC.LXXVL 
Fol.  194h,  blank. 

Folio.  Sign.  a-ci°,  d-y8,  zi2,  194  leaves,  1  and  21  blank,  34  lines  to  the 
page,  roman  letter,  without  catchwords  or  pagination.  Seven-  and  eight-line 
spaces  left  for  capitals,  some  with  guide-letters.  The  type  is  Jenson's  first 
roman  trimmed  or  recast  the  second  time  on  a  slightly  smaller  body.  Greek 
words  as  a  rule  printed  with  Greek  type,  not  transliterated.  Hain  11901. 
Proctor  4098. 

On  the  first  page  of  text  a  large  initial  S  in  gold  on 
a  panel  of  color,  with  marginal  decoration.  Other  large 
chapter  initials  in  red  and  blue  alternately.  Numerous 
paragraph-marks  in  alternate  red  and  blue.  Blank  first 
leaf  wanting. 

The  index,  which  occupies  the  first  nineteen  leaves,  is 
alphabetized  as  far  as  the  second  letter  of  the  word.  The 
references  are  by  roman  numerals  to  the  leaves  (not 
pages)  of  the  work,  which  themselves  have  only  manu- 
script foliation  in  arabic  figures. 

The  first  edition  of  Nonius  was  printed  at  Rome  in 
1470  by  Lauer ;  the  second,  in  1471,  was  without  place  or 
name.  Jenson's  edition,  which  is  the  third,  borrowed 
from  both  of  these  but  added  also  something  of  value. 
The  correct  title,  De  compendiosa  doctrina,  first  appears 
here.  The  usual  title,  De  proprietate  sermonum,  belongs 
strictly  to  the  first  chapter.  As  in  all  the  early  editions, 
the  third  chapter  is  lacking,  having  been  discovered  later 
and  first  included  in  the  1513  edition  of  Aldus.  Jenson's 
Greek  type  long  remained  in  favor  for  incidental  use  in 
Latin  books  after  it  had  been  displaced  in  Greek  books 
by  Aldine  types. 


EARLY  PRINTED  BOOKS  21 

The  Wodhull  copy,  "Payne's  sale,  £5.5s.,  January, 
1792."  Bound  by  Roger  Payne  in  red  morocco,  gilt 
edges.    Leaf  11  X  8  in. 

13.  DULLAERT,  Johannes,  de  Janduno  or  Gandavo. 
Quaestiones  super  tres  libros  Aristotelis  de  anima. 
Venetiis,  Franciscus  de  Hailbrun  et  Nicolaus  de 
Franckfordia  socii,  1473. 

Fol.  1&,  blank.  lh:  Tabula  qwestiowum  domim  Johannis 
de  Janduno  super  tres  libros  de  anima  Aristotelis.  Fol. 
2*:  [I]  Nest  enim  mentibus  hominum  Veri  boni  naturalis 
inserta  cupiditas.  Fol.  92h,  Colophon:  Expliciunt  ques- 
tiones  domini  Johannis  de  Janduno  super  tres  libros  de 
anima  Aristotelis  irapresse  Venetijs  per  Franeiscum  de 
Hailbrun  et  Nicolaum  de  Franckfordia  socios.  M.CCCC- 
LXXiii. 

Folio.  Quires  [1-810,  912],  92  leaves,  2  columns,  71  lines  to  the  column, 
gothic  letter,  without  signatures,  catchwords  or  pagination.  Six-  to  twelve- 
line  spaces  left  for  capitals.  Two  pinholes.  Arabic  figures  used  to  the 
exclusion  of  roman  numerals  not  only  in  table  of  contents,  but  throughout 
the  text  to  mark  subdivisions  of  the  argument  or  individual  books  of  a 
treatise.    Hain  7458.    Burger  pi.  99. 

On  first  page  of  text  a  twenty-four  line  initial  illumi- 
nated in  gold  and  colors,  with  border  ornament.  Book 
and  chapter  initials  in  alternate  red  and  blue.  Arabic 
numerals,  which  made  their  first  appearance  in  printed 
books  in  1470,  were  very  sparingly  used  even  at  a 
considerably  later  date  than  1473. 

The  author,  commonly  known  as  Johannes  de  Gandavo 
(Ghent),  of  the  early  part  of  the  14th  century,  wrote  com- 
mentaries also  on  other  works  of  Aristotle.  Of  the  pres- 
ent work  five  editions,  of  which  this  is  the  first,  were 
printed  at  Venice  in  the  15th  century. 

Franz  Renner  of  Heilbronn  conducted  a  press  at  Venice 
from  1471  to  1483,  having  as  partner  from  1473  to  1477 
Nicolas  of  Frankfort.  The  present  volume  is  printed  in 
a  small  round-faced  gothic  type,  the  second  of  the  nine 
fonts  which  he  used. 


22  CATALOGUE  OF 

The  Wodhull  copy,  bought  at  the  Mallei  Pinelli  sale, 
London,  1789,  for  £1.13s.  Bound  in  hf.  vellum.  Leaf 
16%  X  liy2  in. 

14.  ARISTOTELES.  Libri  de  animalibus  interprete 
Theodoro  Gaza.  Venetiis,  Johannes  de  Colonia 
sociusque  Johannes  Manthen,  1476. 

Fol.  1,  blank.  Fol.  2*:  THEODORI:  GRAECI:  THES- 
SALONICENSIS:  PRAEFATIO:  IN  LIBROS:  DE 
ANIMALIBVS:  ARISTOTELIS:  PHILOSOPHI:  AD 
XYSTVM:  QVARTVM:  MAXIMVM.  Fol.  7h:  ARIS- 
TOTELIS: DE  HISTORIA:  ANIMALIVM:  LIBER 
PRIMVS  INTERPRETE  THEODORO.  Fol.  131*: 
ARISTOTELIS  DE  PARTIBVS  ANIMALIVM  LIBER 
PRIMVS  INTERPRETE  THEODORO.  Fol.  184*: 
ARISTOTELIS  DE  GENERATIONE  ANIMALIVM 
LIBER  PRIMVS  INTERPRETE  THEODORO.  Fol. 
250h,  Colophon:  Finiunt  libri  de  animalibus  Aristotelis 
interprete  Theodoro  Gaze.  V.  clarissimo :  quos  Ludouicus 
podocatharus  Cyprius  ex  Archetypo  ipsius  Theodori 
fideliter  et  diligewter  auscultauit:  et  formulis  imprimi 
curauit  Venetiis  per  Iohannem  de  Colonia  sociumqwe  eius 
Iohannem  manthen  de  Gherretzem.  Anno  domini 
.M.CCCC.LXXVI.  Fol.  251*:  Tabula  cartarum  secundum 
ordinem  ponendarum.    Fol.  251h,  252,  blank. 

Polio.  Sign,  a-b",  c-ds,  ei°,  fs,  gio,  hs,  iio,  ks,  1-tio,  us)  xioj  aa-dd™,  ees, 
ff6.  252  leaves,  the  first  and  the  last  blank,  roman  letter,  35  lines  to  the 
page,  without  pagination.  Two-  to  seven-line  spaces  left  for  initials,  with 
guide-letters.  Hain  *1699.  Proctor  4312.  Morgan  Cat.,  II,  p.  48,  n.  313. 
Burger  pi.  199. 

The  border  surrounding  the  first  page  of  text,  and 
eighteen  initials  of  the  several  books,  are  illuminated  in 
gold  and  colors.  Chapter  initials  supplied  in  red  and  blue 
alternately. 

Printed  signatures,  which  appear  to  have  been  first 
introduced  by  Zarotto  of  Milan  in  1470,  and  a  register  of 
sheets,  first  used  by  John  of  Cologne  in  1475,  are  both 
found  in  this  volume.  The  register,  which  may  give 
only  the  number  of  sheets  in  each  of  the  quires,  or  the 


EARLY  PRINTED  BOOKS  23 

first  word  of  each  sheet  of  the  quire,  is  here  of  the  latter 
kind.  Unfortunately  two  sheets  escaped  registration  and 
the  words  are  supplied  in  manuscript. 

Three  separate  treatises  of  Aristotle  are  contained  in 
this  volume :  Historia  de  animalibus  libri  ix ;  De  partibus 
animahum  libri  ivj  De  generatione  animalium  libri  v. 

Theodore  Gaza,  the  translator,  was  a  learned  Greek 
from  Thessalonica,  who  took  up  his  residence  in  Italy 
on  the  capture  of  his  native  city  by  the  Turks.  The  trans- 
lation was  made  at  the  instance  of  Nicolas  V.,  who  had 
invited  him  to  Rome  in  1450,  but  was  first  printed  in  the 
present  edition  (Venice,  1476)  and  dedicated  in  a  flatter- 
ing epistle  of  eleven  pages  to  the  reigning  pope,  Sixtus 
IV.  The  fifty  scudi  which  the  pope  sent  in  acknowledg- 
ment of  the  dedication  copy  Gaza  is  said  to  have  thrown 
in  disgust  into  the  Tiber.  It  is  interesting  to  note  in  this 
connection  that  while  the  Venice  editions  of  1492  and 
1498  retain  the  name  of  Sixtus  IV.  in  the  dedication, 
Aldus  after  having  omitted  the  epistle  altogether  in  his 
1504  edition,  in  that  of  1513  quietly  substituted  the  name 
of  Nicolas  V.,  the  earlier  and  worthier  patron,  without  a 
word  of  change  in  the  language  of  the  dedication  itself. 
Later  editions  have  followed  the  example  of  Aldus. 

John  of  Cologne,  established  as  a  printer  at  Venice  as 
early  as  1471,  was  associated  1472-1473  with  Wendelin 
of  Speier,  whose  business  and  types  he  took  over  in  1474. 
He  had  as  partner,  1474-1480,  John  Manthen,  and  in 
1480,  Nicolas  Jenson.  The  type  of  the  Aristotle  is  a  close 
imitation  of  the  first  font  of  John  and  Wendelin  of 
Speier. 
\  The  Wodhull  copy,  bought  at  the  Pinelli  sale  for 
£2.12s.6d.    Bound  in  hf.  vellum.    Leaf  12  X  8*4  in. 

15.  UBERTINUS  DE  CASALI.    Arbor  vitae  crucifixae 
Jesu.     Venetiis,  Andreas  de  Bonetis  de  Papia,  12 
March,  1485. 
Fol.  1,  blank.   Fol.  £a:  INCIPIT  PROLOGVS  IN  LI- 


24  CATALOGUE  OF 

BRVM  QVI  1XTITVLATVR  AEBOR  VITE  CRVCI- 
FIXE  IESV.  ET  DICITVR  OPVS  VBERTIXI  DE 
CASALI.  QVI  FVIT  FRATER  PROFESSVS  ORDI- 
XIS  MIXORVM  BE  ATI  FRAXCISCI.  Fol.  4\  col.  2: 
Explicit  pn'rtius  prologus.  Incipit  secu^dus.  Fol.  5*,  col.  2: 
Explicit  prologus  secundus.  Incipit  liber  primus.  Fol. 
24Sb,  col.  2,  Colophox:  Liber  qui  intitulatur  Arbor  uite 
crucifixe  Iesu  deuotissimi  fratris  Vbertini  de  Casali 
ordinis  niinorum  feliciter  explicit.  Lnpressus  Venetiis 
per  Andrea m  de  Bonettis  de  Papia.  Anno  .M.CCCC- 
LXXXV.  Die.xii.Martii.  Ioa>me  Mocenico  inclyto  prin- 
cipe  regnante.  Fol.  249":  Tabula  csupitulorum.  Fol.  249°, 
col.  2:  Registrum.    Fol.  250,  blank. 

Folio.  Sign.  a-zs,  As,  B12,  C-(Js,  Ha.  250  leaves,  1,  204,  250  blank,  2 
columns  and  head-line,  58  lines  to  the  column,  roman  letter.  The  head-lines 
give  the  subject,  book  and  chapter  numbers.  Eight-line  spaces  left  for  the 
initials  of  the  five  books  and  three-line  spaces,  some  with  guide-letters,  for 
the  chapter  initials,  both  supplied  in  red.  Blank  first  and  last  leaves 
wanting.    Hain  *4551.    Pellechet  3331.    Proctor  4816. 

Bound  in  olive  green  morocco  with  gold  borders  and 
gilt  edges.  Book-stamp  of  J.  Richard,  D.  M.,  on  first  and 
last  leaf  of  text,  and  book-plate  of  another  owner,  Jules 
Frayssenet,  of  Fleurance,  printed  on  full  leaf  inserted 
between  the  fly-leaves,  front  and  back,  and  the  text.  Leaf 
10^4  X  1%  in. 

Andreas  de  Bonetis,  of  Pavia,  printed  at  Venice  from 
1483  to  1487. 

16.  ALBERTIS,  Leo  Baptista  de.    De  anions  remedio. 
1471. 

Fol.  l&:  BATISTAE  DE  ALBERTIS  POETAE  LAV- 
REATI  OPVS  PRAECLARVM  IX  AMORIS  REME- 
DIO FELICITER  INCIPIT.  Fol.  20\  Colophon: 
BAPTISTAE  DE  ALBERTIS  POETAE  LAVREATI 
OPVS  IX  AMORIS  REMEDIO  VTLLISSLMVM  FE- 
LICITER FIXIT.    .M.CCCC.LXXI. 

Quarto.  Quires  [18,  2*2],  20  leaves,  25  lines  to  the  page,  roman  letter, 
without  signatures,  catchwords,  pagination,  place  or  printer 's  name.    Two-  to 


EARLY  PRINTED  BOOKS  25 

six -line  spaces  left  for  initials,  but  the  present  copy  is  without  rubrication. 
Hain  *422.    Panzer  iii.  82,  69;  iv.  5,  16.    Pellechet  268.    Proctor  7346. 

Notwithstanding  the  Latin  title,  the  work  itself  is 
wholly  in  Italian  and  both  in  the  MSS.  and  in  later 
printed  editions  is  found  also  under  the  title  Deifira  ossia 
del  mat  principiato  amore.  A  companion  volume  by  the 
same  author,  with  the  Latin  title  De  amore  liber,  and  the 
Italian,  Ecatomfilea  ossia  del  vero  amore,  was  printed 
the  same  year,  in  the  same  type,  the  same  number  of 
leaves  and  lines  to  the  page.  Still  another  work  in  the 
same  type  and  form  and  apparently  of  the  same  date, 
entitled  Historieta  amorosa  fra  Leonora  de'  Bardi  e 
Hippolito  Bondelmonti,  is  attributed  on  good  evidence 
to  De  Albertis.  Copies  of  all  three  works,  printed  alike 
on  vellum  and  bound  together  in  one  volume,  formerly  in 
the  Mac-Carthy  Collection  (Catalogue,  Paris,  1815,  no. 
3595),  are  now  in  the  Bibliotheque  Nationale  (Velins 
1964).  In  the  present  copy  of  De  amoris  remedio  the 
manuscript  signatures  b  and  c,  partly  cut  away,  point 
to  an  earlier  binding,  in  which  the  Historieta  consisting 
of  only  twelve  leaves  may  possibly  have  formed  the 
signature  a. 

Panzer  was  disposed  to  identify  the  peculiar  roman 
type  of  these  volumes  with  that  used  by  the  fourth  printer 
of  Venice,  Clemente  of  Padua,  between  whom  and 
Zarotto  of  Milan,  Hain  was  later  in  doubt.  But  Proctor 
was  convinced  that  the  small  group  of  books  to  which 
these  belong,  nearly  all  of  them  connected  in  some  way 
with  Florence,  were  the  productions  of  the  first,  so 
far  unidentified,  press  of  that  city.  The  date  they  bear 
(1471)  places  them  among  the  earliest  books  printed  in 
the  Italian  language.  Witness  the  following  first  edi- 
tions: Petrarch's  Canzoniere,  1470;  II  Decamerone,  1471; 
La  Divina  Commedia,  1472. 

The  present  copy,  bound  in  blue  morocco,  with  the  crest 
of  the  Marquis  of  Blandford  on  side,  was  sold  in  his 
(White  Knights)  sale  in  1819  for  £2.    Leaf  914  X  63,4  in. 


26  CATALOGUE  OF 

From  the  Syston  Park  sale,  December,  1884,  with  book- 
plate and  the  monogram  (J.  H.  T.)  of  Sir  John  Hayford 
Thorold. 

17.  AESOPUS.  Vita  et  fabulae  grace.  Vita  et  fabulae 
latine.  Fabulae  selectae  grace  et  latine.  [Milan], 
Bonus  Accursius,  c.  1480. 

Part  I.  Fol.  la;  Bonus  Accursius  Pisanus  doctissimo 
sapientissimo  ducali  quaestori  Iohanni  Francisco  tur- 
riano  salutem  plurimam  dicit.  Fol.  2a:  'AI20IIOY  BI02  TOY 
MY0OnOIOY  MAEIMO  TO  HAANOYAH  2YITPA<I>EI2.  Fol.  33*: 
'AI2QIIOY     MY0OI.        Fol.  70s":    Te\os    toi/    tov    'Aiowou    Mvflcov. 

Part  II.  Fol.  _Za:  Vita  Aesopi  fabulatoris  clarissimi  e 
graco  latina  per  Rynucium  facta  ad  Reuerewdissimum 
Patrem  Dominum  Antonium  tituli  Sancti  Chrysogoni 
Presbyterum  Cardinalem  et  primo  prohoemium.  Fol. 
32h:  FINIS.  Fol.  33* :  Argumentum  fabularwm  Aesopi  e 
graco  in  latinum.  Fol.  59h:  Finis.  Vita  Aesopi  per 
Rynucium  thettalum  traducta.  Verum  quoniam  ab  eo 
non  nulla  fueruwt  praetetermissa  (sic) :  fortassis  quia 
gracus  eius  codex  esset  minus  emendatus:  Ego  Bonus 
accursius  Pisanus :  eadem  in  ea  omnia  correxi ;  et  emen- 
daui.  Fol.  60,  blank.  Part  III.  Fol.  1\  blank.  Fol. 
lb:  Bonus  Accursius  Pisanus  doctissimo  ac  sapientissimo 
ducali  Quaestori  Iohanni  francisco  Turriano  salutem  plu- 
rimam dicit.  Fol.  2",  col.  :Z:MY®oi  'aisoiioy,  col.  2: 
Fabulae  Aesopi.  Fol.  38*,  col.  1:  teaoS  ton  toy  'AiSonoY 
myoon.  Col.  2:  FINIS  AESOPI  FABVLARVM.  Bonus 
Accursius  pisanus  impressit :  qui  non  doctorum  hominum 
sed  rudium  ac  puerorum  gratia  hunc  laborem  suscepit. 

Quarto.  Pt.  I,  sign.  [A-H8,  16]  not  printed,  but  stamped  irregularly  on  the 
extreme  lower  margin  and  partially  cut  away  in  the  binding,  70  leaves.  Pt. 
II,  sign,  a-g8,  and  four  unsigned  leaves  at  the  end,  60  leaves.  Pt.  Ill,  sign. 
a-b8,  C-D8,  E6,  38  leaves,  the  Greek  text  and  the  word-for-word  Latin  trans- 
lation in  two  parallel  columns.  Both  the  Greek  and  the  Latin  have  25  lines 
to  the  page  or  column.  Two-  to  five-line  spaces  for  capitals,  with  guide- 
letters,  in  both  texts,  but  no  rubrication.  Two  pinholes.  Hain  *265-j-272. 
Pellechet  185-f  192.    Proctor,  Printing  of  Greek  in  the  15th  cent.,  p.  60. 


EARLY  PRINTED  BOOKS  27 

This  is  the  first  printed  edition  of  any  of  the  Greek 
classics,  and  the  third  book  printed  entirely  in  Greek,  or 
in  Greek  with  a  Latin  translation;  the  first  being  the 
Grammar  of  Lascaris,  Milan,  1476,  and  the  second  the 
Lexicon  of  Crastonus  not  later  than  1478.  All  three  were 
printed  with  the  same  font  of  Greek  type  made  by,  or 
under  the  supervision  of,  Demetrius  Damilas,  the  son  of 
Milanese  parents  settled  in  Crete.  Bonus  Accursius  was 
rather  the  publisher  than  the  actual  printer,  who  in  the 
case  of  the  Lascaris  was  Dionysius  Paravisinus,  and  in 
the  case  of  the  Crastonus  and  the  Aesop,  probably  the 
brothers  de  Honate,  who  at  that  date  were  the  possessors 
of  the  peculiar  roman  type  used  in  the  Latin  transla- 
tions. After  the  Aesop  this  particular  font  of  Greek 
type  next  appeared  in  the  first  edition  of  Homer,  printed 
at  Florence  in  1488  by  Bartolommeo  di  Libri,  and  in 
three  of  his  subsequent  books,  once  at  Rome  early  in  the 
16th  century,  after  which  it  disappears  altogether. 

In  the  present  edition  the  Fabulae  graece  number  147, 
the  Fabulae  latine  100,  the  Fabulae  selectae  62.  The 
translator,  Einuccio  d'Arezzo,  who  dedicates  his  work  to 
Cardinal  Antonio  Cerdano,  tells  him  in  closing  that  he 
sends  all  that  have  come  into  his  hands,  though  probably 
not  all  that  Aesop  wrote,  since  while  they  stand  in  alpha- 
betical order,  some  letters  are  wanting  and  others  have 
not  their  full  quota.  Not  all  copies  have  all  the  three 
parts,  nor  are  they  always  bound  in  the  same  order.  The 
present  copy,  though  in  all  respects  complete,  is  bound 
irregularly,  as  follows :  1.  Fabulae  selectae.  2.  Fabulae 
graece.  3.  Vita  Aesopi  graece.  4.  Vita  et  fabulae  latine. 
On  the  verso  of  the  last  blank  leaf  is  written  in  an  early 
hand  "olim  fuit  Heverendissimi  magistri  georgii  de 
casali." 

Mr.  Wodhull  paid  " Edwards"  for  this  copy,  in  1799, 
£14.14s.  Bound  by  Mrs.  Weir  in  green  morocco  extra, 
gilt  edges.    Leaf  9  X  6  in. 


28  CATALOGUE  OF 

18.  OVIDIUS  NASO,  Publius.  Metamorphoses.  Parma, 
Andreas  Portilia,  15  May,  1480. 

Fol.  1,  blank,  2\-  TABVLAE  FVBVLARVM  (sic) 
OVIDII  METAMORPHOSEOS.  Fol.  6\-  Domitius  Cal- 
derinus  Veronensis.  [D]E  Ouidii  uita  nihil  a  nobis  in 
hoc  loco  scribewdum  est.  Fol.  7\-  P.  OVIDII  NASONIS 
SVLMONENSIS  METAMORPHOSEOS  LIBER  PRI- 
MVS.  Fol.  187h,  Colophon:  FINIS  Impressum  Parmae 
Opera  Et  Impensis  Andrew  Portilia  .M.CCCC.LXXX. 
Idibus  Maiis  Ioanne  Galeazio  Maria  Mediolani  Illus- 
trissimo  Duce  Regnawte  Fceliciter.    Fol.  188,  blank. 

Folio.  Sign,  a6,  b-q8,  r10,  s-y8,  z6,  &6.  188  unnumbered  leaves,  the  first  and 
last  blank,  40  lines  to  the  page,  roman  letter.  Three-  to  eight-line  spaces, 
with  guide-letters,  left  for  the  initials  of  the  fifteen  books.    Hain  *12160. 

First  initial  of  each  book  supplied  in  red;  heading  of 
each  book  and  each  fable  underlined  in  red;  initial- 
strokes  in  every  verse  and  paragraph-marks  in  red. 
Without  the  last  blank  leaf. 

Andreas  Portilia  was  the  first  printer  at  Parma,  where 
his  press  was  established  in  1472  and  continued,  with  two 
brief  transfers  to  Bologna  and  Reggio,  till  1486. 

Mr.  Wodhull's  copy,  for  which  he  paid,  at  the  sale  of 
Dr.  Chauncy's  library  in  1790,  £2.  Bound  in  red  morocco, 
with  rich  gold  tooling  on  back  and  sides,  and  book-plate 
of  Charles  Chauncy,  M.  D.  (1706-1777).    Leaf  12  X  8  in. 

19.  PIUS   II.   (AENEAS   SILVIUS  PICCOLOMINI). 

De  duobus  amantibus.  [Paris,  Michael  Friburger, 
Ulric  Gering  and  Martin  Crantz,  1472.] 
Fol.  1:  Aeneae  siluii  poaetae  laureati,  in  hystoriam  de 
duobus  amawtibus  praefatio  prima  ad  perqwam  genero- 
sum  militem  Casparem  Slik  foeliciter  incipit.  Fol.  2h: 
Aeneae  siluii  in  hystoriam  de  duobus  amawtibus  praefatio 
secunda  ad  Martinum  Sozinum,  Senensem,  iuris  utri- 
usque  perspicacissimum  interpretem  iocunde  incipit. 
Fol.  4a:  Aeneae  siluii  de  duobus  amantibus  hystoria  per- 
quam  iocunde  incipit!  Fol.  44h:  Vale,  ex  Vienna  quinto 
nonas  Iulii.  anno  Millesimo  quadringentesimo  quadrage- 


EARLY  PRINTED  BOOKS  29 

simo  quarto ;  Colophon  :  Aenete  Siluii  po#te  laureati  de 
duobus  amawtibus  eurialo  et  lucresia,  finit  fceliciter.  Fol. 
45,  46,  blank. 

Quarto.  Quires  [1-4*0,  58],  46  leaves,  the  last  two  blank,  23  lines  to  the 
page,  roman  letter,  without  signatures,  catchwords,  pagination,  place, 
printer's  name  or  date.  Two-  to  six-line  spaces  left  for  capitals.  Claudin 
XIX.    Pellechet  147.    Hain  216. 

Large  initial  on  first  page  supplied  in  blue  and  gold, 
with  pen  ornamentation  in  red  and  blue.  Other  capitals 
and  the  paragraph-marks  in  alternate  red  and  blue.  Last 
blank  leaf  wanting. 

This  and  the  two  next  works  of  the  present  list  bound 
with  it  were  printed  at  the  first  Paris  press,  a  private 
press  set  up  in  the  Sorbonne  in  1470  by  Johann  Heynlin, 
Prior,  and  Guillaume  Fichet,  Librarian,  of  the  Univer- 
sity, and  maintained  by  them  until  April,  1473.  During 
these  three  years  twenty-two  books  were  printed,  all  in 
the  same  roman  type,  copied  from  the  Caesar  of  Sweyn- 
heym  and  Pannartz,  Rome,  1469.  In  only  two  of  them  are 
the  actual  printers,  Priburger  and  his  associates,  named. 

To  the  twenty-eight  15th-century  editions — not  to 
speak  of  the  translations — of  this  novel  described  by 
Hain,  Copinger's  Supplement  adds  half  as  many  more. 
The  present  edition  is  perhaps  the  third.  Claudin,  who 
makes  it  the  nineteenth  in  the  list  of  the  Sorbonne  books, 
could  trace  but  four  copies.    This  makes  a  fifth. 

The  three  books  from  the  Sorbonne  press  are  bound 
in  one  volume,  red  morocco,  gilt  edges,  with  book-plate 
of  Sir  William  Burrell.  It  passed  from  his  possession 
some  years  before  his  death  and  was  bought  by  Michael 
Wodhull  at  Payne's  sale  April  7,  1789,  for  £4.4s.  The 
binder,  possibly  mistaking  the  date  of  the  author's  sub- 
scription (Vienna,  1444)  for  that  of  the  printing,  has 
placed  it  on  the  back  of  the  volume.    Leaf  7%  X  5^  in. 

20.  PIUS  II.  (AENEAS  SILVIUS  PICCOLOMINI). 
De  curialium  miseria.  [Paris,  Michael  Friburger, 
Ulric  Gering  and  Martin  Crantz,  1472.] 


30  CATALOGUE  OF 

Fol.  1&:  Aeneae  Siluii  poaetaa  laureati  (cui  et  pro  ponti- 
ficali  dignitate  Pio  nomen  est)  in  disputationem  de  eu- 
rialium  miseria  ad  perspicacissimum  iurisconsultum 
Iohannem  Ech,  serenissimi  diuiqwe  principis,  Alberti, 
caesaris  inuictissimi !  Alberti  quoque  austriae  ducis  in- 
clyti  consiliarium  atque  oratorem  praefacio  foeliciter  in- 
cipit;  Fol.  34*:  Vale  uir  (nisi  ex  curialibus  unus  esses) 
meo  iudicio  prudens ;  Colophon  :  Aeneae  Siluii  de  curia- 
lium  miseria  disputatio  finem  habet  fcelicem;  Fol.  35,  36, 
blank. 

Quarto.  Quires  [1-310,  46],  36  leaves,  the  last  two  blank,  23  lines  to  the 
page,  roman  letter,  without  signatures,  catchwords,  pagination,  place, 
printer's  name  or  date.  Two-  and  six-line  spaces  left  for  capitals.  Claudin 
XX.     Pellechet  132.     Hain  198. 

First  initial  rubricated  in  the  same  style  and  by  the 
same  hand  as  in  the  De  duobus  amantibus.  Other  capi- 
tals and  paragraph-marks  in  red  and  blue  alternately. 
Initial-strokes  in  yellow.  At  the  bottom  of  fol.  29a  a  line 
accidentally  dropped  by  the  compositor  is  supplied  in 
manuscript  by  a  contemporary  hand,  viz.,  "non  te  uolunt. 
Quidam  uero  potewtes  sunt !  ac  ex. ' '  Both  the  recto  and 
the  verso  of  the  leaf  have  the  full  complement  of  23  lines 
but  there  is  a  hiatus  in  the  text.  The  copies  in  the 
Bibliotheque  Nationale,  and  the  Bibliotheque  Mazarine, 
Paris,  have  the  line  supplied  in  manuscript  in  like  man- 
ner, but  instead  of  uero  read  non,  which  does  not  suit  the 
context. 

According  to  Claudin  this  is  the  twentieth  book  printed 
at  the  Sorbonne  press.  To  the  five  copies  known  to  him 
this  adds  a  sixth. 

Bound  with  No.  19.  De  duobus  amantibus. 

21.  PLATO.     Epistolae.      [Paris,    Michael   Friburger, 
Ulric  Gering  and  Martin  Crantz,  1472.] 

Fol.  la;  Ad  prudentem  et  magnificum  uirum  Cosmam 
de  medicis  florentinura,  Leonardi  Aretini  clarissimi  ora- 


EARLY  PRINTED  BOOKS  31 

toris,  in  epis^olas  platcmis  quas  ex  graecis  latinas  fecit! 
pmefatio ;  Fol.  52%  Colophon  :  FINIS. 

Discite  rectores  diuinitus,  ore  platonis ! 
Quid  uos,  quid  ciues  reddat  in  urbe  bonos ; 

Quarto.  Quires  [1-410,  58,  62,  72],  52  leaves,  23  lines  to  the  page,  roman 
letter,  without  signatures,  catchwords,  pagination,  place,  printer's  name 
or  date.  Three-  to  five-line  spaces  left  for  capitals.  The  first  initial  supplied 
in  blue  and  red,  other  capitals  in  blue  and  red  alternately.  Initial-strokes  in 
yellow.     Claudin  XIV.    Philippe  VII.     Crevenna  1523.    Hain  13066. 

Leonardo  Bruni,  often  called  Leonardo  Aretini  from 
his  birthplace  Arezzo,  translated  five  of  the  dialogues  of 
Plato  in  addition  to  the  letters. 

The  first  notice  of  this  edition  is  found  in  the  Cata- 
logue Bolongaro-Crevenna  (Amst.,  1789),  where  it  is 
described  as  containing  52  printed  leaves.  It  appears 
from  the  price-list  printed  after  the  sale  in  1790  that  it 
had  not  been  sold,  but  was  ' '  retenu,  f aute  de  commissions 
ou  de  concurrence, ' '  and  was  still  obtainable  at  the  price 
of  15  florins.  No  trace  of  it  has  since  been  found  and 
Panzer  and  Hain  were  able  only  to  copy  the  catalogue 
description.  Philippe  (1885)  described  Heynlin's  copy, 
which  is  preserved  in  the  library  of  the  University  of 
Basel,  as  consisting  of  one  first  blank  leaf,  forty-nine 
printed  leaves  and  two  blank  leaves  at  the  end.  Claudin 
(1898),  with  a  second  copy  discovered  meantime  in  the 
Bibliotheque  d 'Angers  at  his  command,  finds  one  first 
blank  and  forty-nine  printed  leaves,  and  remarks  that 
the  two  blank  leaves  placed  by  Philippe  at  the  beginning 
[should  be  end]  are  only  independent  fly-leaves.  Our 
copy  has  fifty-two  printed  leaves  and  no  blanks  and  no 
occasion  for  them,  since  the  printed  leaves,  of  themselves, 
form  complete  quires.  Claudin's  collation,  which  gives 
both  the  quires  and  a  register  of  the  first  words  of  each 
quire,  shows  that  both  his  copies  lack  the  sixth  quire  of 
our  copy,  composed  like  the  seventh  of  only  two  leaves 
and  beginning  "sibus  inter dixistis."  There  is  more- 
over still  unexplained  and  not  easily  explainable  in  the 


32  CATALOGUE  OF 

descriptions  of  both  the  Basel  and  Angers  copies  the 
presence  of  a  troublesome  first  blank  leaf  and  the  absence 
of  another  leaf  of  text,  in  addition  to  the  lacking  sixth 
quire.  It  follows  that,  at  least  until  the  Crevenna  copy, 
which  appears  to  have  been  in  agreement  with  ours, 
comes  to  light  again,  this  must  remain  the  only  complete 
copy  known. 
Bound  with  Nos.  19  and  20,  from  the  same  press. 

22.  MAGNI,  Jacobus  [Jacques  Le  Grand].  Sopholo- 
gium.  Paris,  Martin  Crantz,  Ulric  Gering  and 
Michael  Friburger,  1  June,  1477. 

Fol.  1,  blank.  Fol.  2&:  Sequitur  tabula  capitulorum 
Sophologij.  Fol.  5a:  Doctissimi  atqwe  excellentissimi 
patris :  sacraruw  litterarum  doctoris  deuotissimi :  f ratris 
Iacobi  magni:  religionis  fratrum  heremitarum:  sancti 
Augustini  sophologium  incipit.  Cuius  principalis  inten- 
tio  est  inducere  legentis  animum  ad  sapientie  amorem. 
Fol.  218*:  Jacobi  Magni  sophologium  finit  feliciter.  Fol. 
218h:  Epigramma  ad  huius  operis  conspectorem  [five 
distichs.]  Colophon  :  Anno  domim  millesimo  .cccc.lxxvij. 
die  .i.  mensis  Iunij.  Impressum  fuit  istud  sophologium 
parisius  per  Martinum  crantz.  Vdalricum  gering,  et 
Michaelem  friburger. 

Quarto.  Sign,  a-x10,  y8,  218  leaves,  the  first  blank,  32  lines  to  the  page, 
gothic  lower-case  type,  roman  capitals.  Two-  to  six-line  spaces  with  guide- 
letters  left  for  initials.    Hain  10478. 

Border  ornamentation  in  color  on  fol.  5a.  Initials  at 
the  head  of  the  first  four  of  the  ten  books  in  dull  gold  and 
color ;  those  of  the  remaining  books  in  color  only.  Chap- 
ter initials  and  paragraph-marks  in  alternate  red  and 
blue.  Blank  first  leaf  wanting.  The  bottom  line  of  fol. 
116b  which  had  been  accidentally  moved  across  to  the 
foot  of  fol.  115a  (the  companion  page  on  the  imposing 
stone)  is  supplied  in  manuscript  where  it  was  lacking  and 
the  misplaced  line  of  print  is  canceled. 


EARLY  PRINTED  BOOKS  33 

On  the  discontinuance  of  the  Sorbonne  press  in  1473, 
the  printers,  Crantz,  Gering,  and  Friburger,  moved  into 
the  neighboring  Rue  Saint-Jacques  and  set  up  a  press, 
with  new  type,  on  their  own  account.  An  edition  of  the 
Sophologium  had  been  one  of  the  last  books  printed  at 
the  old  press.  A  second  edition  was  issued  from  the  new 
press  in  1475,  of  which  the  present  edition  is,  in  type, 
number  of  pages  and  lines,  an  exact  reprint,  but  has 
printed  signatures  and  is  a  quarto  while  that  was  a  folio. 
Caxton's  "Book  of  Good  Manners,"  printed  in  1487,  was 
a  translation  of  "Le  livre  des  bonnes  meurs,"  another 
work  by  the  same  author. 

The  present  copy,  bound  in  green  morocco  with  gold 
borders  and  gilt  edges,  is  from  the  Syston  Park  library, 
sold  in  December,  1884.    Leaf  103,4  X  7V4  in. 

23.  HIERONYMUS.    Vaderboeck.    [Zwolle],  Peter  van 
Os,  1  April,  1490. 

Fol.  la,  Title  :  DIt  boeck  is  ghenomet.  dat  vader  boeck. 
dat  in  den  latijne  is  ghehieten  Vitas  patrum.  inhoudende 
dye  historien  ende  legenden  der  heyligher  vaderen  die 
hare  leuen  in  strewgher  penitencie  ouerghebracht  hebbew 
Ouergheset  in  goeder  verstawdelre  duytscer  sprake. 
[Rest  of  page  occupied  by  two  woodcuts.]  Fol.  lh: 
[H]Ier  beghint  die  tafele  van  desen  boecke  dat  ghehieten 
is  dat  va  (sic)  vader  boeck.   Fol.  4h:  Hier  eyndet  die  tafef 

(sic)  van  den  boecke Fol.  5\-   [Woodcut  of  the 

Annunciation,  which  is  repeated  on  the  verso  of  the  leaf.] 
Fol.  6*:  Hier  beghinnet  dat  eerste  deel  van  desen  boecke 
dat  ghenoemet  is  Vitaspatrum  in  latijne.  Fol.  165h,  Colo- 
phon :  Hier  eyndet  dat  derde  deel  van  desen  boecke  van 
den  wowderlijke  wercken  en^e  goede  exempelew  ende 
goede  lermghen  der  heigher  (sic)  vaderew  so  als  die  hey- 
lige  leraer  Jeronimws  vut  den  grieckew  in  den  latine 
ghetogew  heeft  Ouergheset  in  goeder  verstandelre  duyt- 
scer spraken  om  salicheit  aire  goeder  kersten  mewscen. 
Ghedruct  bi  mi  Peter  van  Os  In  den  iare  ons  heren  Mcccc 


34  CATALOGUE  OF 

ende  xc.  den  eersten  dach  van  den  April.  [Peintek's 
Device,  (shields  of  Zwolle  and  of  the  printer  combined).] 
Fol.  166,  blank. 

Folio.  Sign.  A*,  sfl,  b-z<J,  A*,  B-D<5,  166  leaves,  the  last  blank,  6-165 
numbered  i-cLx.  2  columns,  36  lines  to  the  column,  gothic  letter.  Two-  to 
six-line  spaces  left  for  capitals.  The  first  initial  of  the  title  is  a  ten-line 
ornamental  woodcut  D.  The  two  woodcuts  on  the  title-page  are  printed 
from  sections  cut  from  the  blocks  of  the  Latin  Biblia  Pauperum,  that  on 
the  left  (Descent  of  the  Holy  Spirit  on  the  day  of  Pentecost)  from  the 
central  panel  of  sign,  p.,  that  on  the  right  (Jacob's  dream),  from  the  right- 
hand  panel  of  the  sign.  t.  Other  sections  of  these  blocks  were  used  in  like 
manner  in  other  books  of  van  Os.  In  place  of  blank  fol.  5  cut  away,  is 
inserted  a  full  page  woodcut  of  the  Annunciation,  printed  on  both  sides  of 
the  leaf,  on  paper  unlike  any  other  used  in  the  book.  Campbell  938. 
Proctor  9135. 

Prologue  initial  on  fol.  6a  supplied  in  blue  with  pen 
ornamentation  in  red.  Chapter  initials  and  paragraph- 
marks  in  alternate  red  and  blue.  Initial-strokes  in  red. 
Blank  last  leaf  wanting. 

Bound  by  Alfred  Matthews  in  three-quarter  levant 
morocco  with  blind  tooling,  gilt  edges.    Leaf  10^2  X  8  in. 

Peter  van  Os,  of  Breda,  was  actively  engaged  in  print- 
ing at  Zwolle  from  1479  till  the  end  of  the  century,  except 
for  the  three  years  1481-1484. 

The  English  translation  of  the  "Vitas  Patrum,"  which 
was  the  closing  labor  of  Caxton's  life,  was  printed  in 
1495  by  Wynken  de  Worde  with  this  colophon:  "Thus 
endyth  the  moost  vertuouse  hystorye  of  the  deuoute  and 
right  renowned  lyues  of  holy  faders  lyuynge  in  deserte, 
worthy  of  remembraunce  to  all  wel  dysposed  persons 
which  hath  ben  translated  oute  of  Frenche  into  Englisshe 
by  William  Caxton  of  Westmynstre  late  deed  and 
fynysshed  at  the  laste  daye  of  hys  lyff." 

24.  HIGDEN,  EANULPH.  Polychronicon,  translated 
into  English  by  Trevisa  and  continued  by  Caxton. 
[Westminster].    William  Caxton,  [1482]. 

Fol.  1,  blank.  Fol.  2*:  Prohemye.  [G]Rete  thankynges 
lawde  &  honoure  we  merytoryously  ben  bounde  to  yelde 


EARLY  PRINTED  BOOKS  35 

and  offre  vnto  wryters  of  hystoryes,  whiche  gretely  haue 
prouffyted  oure  mortal  lyf,  that  shewe  vnto  the  reders 
and  herers  by  the  ensamples  of  thynges  passyd,  what 
thynge  is  to  be  desyred.  [Fol.  4-20,  alphabetical  table ;  21, 
blank ;  22-24,  dialogue  between  the  Clerke  and  the  Lorde 
on  translation,  Trevisa's  epistle  to  Lord  Berkeley;  25, 
blank.]  Fol.  26*:  Prolicionycion.  Prefacio  prima  ad 
historiam.  [AjFter  solempne  and  wyse  wryters  of  Arte 
and  of  scyence.  .  .  Fol.  389h:  God  be  thanked  of  al  his 
dedes.  This  translacion  is  ended  on  a  thursdaye  the 
eyghtenth  daye  of  Apryll  the  yere  of  our  lord  a  thousand 
thre  hondred  and  .lvij.  The  xxxj  yere  of  Kyng  Edward 
the  thyrd  after  the  Conquest  of  Englond,  the  yere  of  my 
lordes  age  Syr  thomas  lord  of  berkley  that  made  me 
make  this  translacion  fyue  and  thyrtty.  [390a,  Caxton's 
epilogue  to  Trevisa;  390b,  blank.]  Fol.  391*:  Jncipit 
Liber  vltimus.  Fol.  449*:  Ended  the  second  day  of  Juyll 
the  xxij  yere  of  the  regne  of  kynge  Edward  the  fourth  & 
of  the  Incarnacion  of  oure  lord  a  thousand  foure  score 
and  tweyne.  Fynysshed  per  Caxton.  Fol.  449h,  450, 
blank. 

Folio.  Sign,  a-bs,  C*,  1-288,  [28*2],  29-488,  49*,  508,  52-558,  450  leaves,  of 
which  five  (a,  lj  1,  1;  1,  5;  28*,2;  55,  8)  are  blank.  The  folios  of  sign. 
1,2-55,7  are  numbered  1-ccccxxviii  (blanks  1,  5  and  28*,2  counted  as  iv 
and  ccxxvi),  with  many  errors  which  are  mostly  corrected  on  the  following 
leaves,  but  in  the  case  of  fol.  ccxli  on  the  verso  of  the  same  leaf.  There  is, 
however,  no  clx,  and  ccccxiii  is  duplicated,  errors  which  balance  each  other 
and  do  not  disturb  the  final  numeration.  The  omission  of  a  signature  51  is 
accidental,  the  text  continuing  without  a  break.  The  purpose  of  the  unsigned 
single  sheet  following  sign.  28,  consisting  of  one  printed  and  one  blank  leaf, 
was  evidently  to  carry  the  last  remaining  leaf  of  the  fourth  book  and  thereby 
make  possible  a  division  of  the  volume  at  this  point  into  two  nearly  equal 
parts.  Advantage  has  apparently  been  taken  of  this  division  to  bind  the 
Grenville  copy  (Brit.  Mus.  IB.  55060)  in  two  volumes.  Wynkyn  de  Worde, 
who  reprinted  the  Polychronicon  in  1495,  followed  in  this  particular  Caxton 's 
example  and  in  order  to  begin  the  fifth  book  with  a  new  signature  left  at 
the  end  of  the  fourth  book  nearly  a  whole  leaf  blank,  though  he  separated 
the  other  books  by  a  blank  space  of  no  more  than  three  or  four  lines. 
Caxton's  use  of  arabic  figures  for  signatures  was  confined  to  the  years  1481- 
1483 ;  after  that  date  he  used  letters  only.  The  first  few  chapter-headings  of 
each  book  have  Latin  ordinals  (Capitulum  primum,  secundum,  etc.)  which 


36  CATALOGUE  OF 

are  soon  dropped  for  arabic  figures.  Gothic  letter,  Caxton's  fourth  font, 
forty  lines  to  the  page,  with  headline.  Two-  to  seven-line  spaces  left  for 
chapter  and  book  initials,  which  are  supplied  in  red.  Chapter-headings 
underlined  in  red.  Blades  ii,  172.  Ames-Dibdin  i,  138.  Seymour  de  Eicci 
p.  60. 

Seventy-two  leaves,  including  the  five  blanks,  are  want- 
ing in  this  copy,  viz. :  sign.  a-C ;  1, 1,  4,  5,  8 ;  2, 1,  4,  5 ;  3,  2 ; 
4,  1 ;  27,  3 ;  [28*,2] ;  44,  7 ;  50-55.  The  lacking  parts  com- 
prise the  first  twenty  leaves  (Prohemye  and  alphabetical 
index),  the  last  forty  leaves  (Caxton's  eighth  book),  and 
twelve  intermediate  leaves.  Of  these  the  Proheyme  is 
supplied  in  facsimile  and  sign.  4, 1  in  manuscript.  What 
is  possibly  an  original  impression  of  Caxton's  large 
device  is  placed  at  the  end  of  the  volume.  This  was  used 
by  Caxton  only  during  his  last  years,  1487-91,  and  by 
Wynkyn  de  Worde,  into  whose  hands  the  original  block 
passed,  in  his  folios  for  thirty  years  longer.  From  one 
of  the  latter  this  may  have  been  taken,  possibly  from  the 
Polychronicon  of  1495,  where  the  other  side  of  the  leaf 
it  occupied  was  blank,  as  is  the  case  here  also. 

Trevisa's  translation  of  Higden  was  completed,  accord- 
ing to  the  best  MSS.,  in  1387,  not  in  1357  as  stated  on  fol. 
389b.  (In  1357  the  18th  of  April  fell  on  Tuesday,  not 
Thursday,  and  Thomas  Lord  Berkeley  was  then  in  the 
fifth,  not  the  thirty-fifth  year  of  his  age.)  Caxton  was 
himself  the  translator  of  twenty-two  of  the  one  hundred 
books  which  he  printed  and  it  was  therefore  not  strange 
that  Trevisa  's  English  should  have  been  in  his  hands,  as 
the  proem  states,  "a  lytel  embelysshed  fro  tholde 
makyng."  In  what  these  embellishments  consisted  is 
partially  explained  in  the  epilogue :  ' '  Therf ore  I  William 
Caxton  a  symple  persone  haue  endeuoyred  me  to  wryte 
fyrst  ouer  all  the  sayd  book  of  proloconycon,  and  some- 
what haue  chaunged  the  rude  and  old  Englyssh,  that  is 
to  wete  certayn  wordes,  which  in  these  dayes  [1482]  be 
neyther  usyd  ne  understanden".  He  went  however 
further  than  this  and  so  changed  the  inflections  and 
orthography  that  the  language  is  no  longer  of  the  four- 


EARLY  PRINTED  BOOKS  37 

teenth  but  rather  of  the  fifteenth  century.  But  in  no 
other  way  could  it  have  been  made  to  harmonize  with  his 
proposed  continuation,  concerning  which  he  proceeds  to 
say:  "and  also  am  auysed  to  make  another  booke  after 
this  sayd  werke  whiche  shal  be  sett  here  after  the  same, 
And  shal  haue  his  chapytres  and  his  table  a  parte.  For 
I  dar  not  presume  to  sette  my  book  ne  ioyne  hit  to  his, 
for  dyuerse  causes".  Accordingly  he  begins  his  "Liber 
ultimus ' '  with  a  new  signature,  preceded  by  a  blank  page. 
His  "table"  nevertheless  is  combined  with  that  of  the 
preceding  seven  books  in  one  alphabet.  Wynkyn  de 
Worde's  edition  has  a  more  elaborate  index  of  ninety 
pages  in  which  each  of  the  eight  books  is  indexed  in  a 
separate  alphabet. 

Apart  from  the  interest  attaching  to  this  "Liber 
ultimus"  as  the  only  original  work  of  any  length  from 
Caxton's  pen,  the  Polychronicon  is  next  to  the  Golden 
Legend  his  largest  book,  and  in  the  Prohemye  they  are 
grouped  together  as  the  "twoo  bookes  notable"  which 
treat  of  history.  It  happens  also,  probably  because  of 
larger  editions  printed,  that  of  these  two  books  many 
more  copies  have  survived  than  of  any  of  his  other  books, 
about  one-fourth  of  which  are  now  represented  only  by 
single  copies.  Of  the  Polychronicon,  Seymour  de  Ricci's 
"Census  of  Caxtons"  (1909)  enumerates  forty  known 
copies  (very  few  of  them  entirely  complete),  evenly 
divided  between  public  and  private  libraries.  To  this  list 
he  adds,  under  the  heading  "Present  owners  untraced," 
forty-eight  copies  (nos.  41-88)  which  appeared  at  sales 
between  1698  and  1901,  some  of  them  possibly  identical 
with  copies  already  described  as  "known."  In  this 
second  division  is  found  the  present  copy  (no.  79),  pur- 
chased by  the  donor  of  this  collection  at  the  Smets  sale, 
New  York,  May,  1868,  in  calf  binding,  with  the  name  of 
the  owner  "A.  A.  Smets,  Savannah,  May  28, 1836"  on  the 
fly-leaf.  It  was  at  once  sent  to  Francis  Bedford  for 
binding,  with  instructions  to  have  the  "inlaying,  repair- 


38  CATALOGUE  OF 

ing  etc.  done  over  in  the  very  best  manner,  by  the  best 
restorer  in  France  or  England."  Bound  in  brown 
morocco,  richly  blind-tooled,  with  Tudor  rose,  fleur-de-lis 
and  acorn  emblems.  Leaf  lO1^  X  7%  in.  The  Smets  fly- 
leaf and  the  original  instructions  sent  to  Mr.  Bedford 
with  the  volume  and  returned  by  him  with  an  added  note 
over  his  own  signature,  laid  in. 

Other  copies  of  the  Polychronicon  which  have  passed 
through  Mr.  Bedford's  hands  have  been  bound  in  the 
same  style,  among  them  the  Menzies  copy,  sold  New  York, 
November,  1876,  which  de  Eicci  wrongly  conjectured 
might  be  identical  with  the  Smets. 

25.  ORDINARY  OF  CHRISTIAN  MEN.  London, 
Wynkyn  de  Worde,  1506. 
Fol.  1*.  Title  :  Thordinary  of  Crysten  men  [woodcut 
below.]  Fol.  lb-4h,  table  of  contents.  Fol.  5a  [woodcut 
above] :  Here  begynneth  a  notable  treatyse  and  ful 
necessarye  to  all  crysten  men  for  to  knowe  &  it  is  named 
the  Ordynary  of  Crystyens  or  of  crysten  men.  Fol.  217h: 
Here  endeth  the  book  named  the  ordynarye  of  crysten 
men  newely  hystoryed  and  translated  out  of  Frensshe 
in  to  Englysshe.  Enprynted  in  the  cyte  of  London  in 
the  Fletestrete  in  the  sygne  of  y6  sonne  by  Wnykyn  de 
worde.  ye  yere  of  our  lorde  .M.CCCCC.vi.  Fol.  218% 
title  repeated  over  woodcut.  Fol.  218h,  [Printer's 
Device] 

Quarto.  Sign.  Aa*,  A«,  B*,  C-X,  AA-NN8. 4  (aitem.),  006,  pps+i.  218 
leaves,  gothic  letter,  34  lines  (marginal  citations  60  lines)  to  the  page, 
without  foliation.  Title  cut  in  large  lower-case  letters  on  block  2x4  in. 
Five-  and  six-line  initials  at  the  head  of  the  larger  divisions  of  the  text. 
Ten  woodcuts,  one  repeated.  The  final  blank  PP.  6  has  been  replaced  by  an 
independent  leaf  having  on  the  one  side  the  title  repeated  with  woodcut,  and 
on  the  other  the  printer's  device,  either  of  which  may  in  the  binding  be 
made  the  recto.  The  device  is  the  first  of  his  so-called  ' '  Sagittarius ' ' 
forms,  and  the  one  most  commonly  used  from  1506  to  1518.  Ames-Dibdin, 
ii,  p.  103.    Morgan  Cat.  iii,  p.  214,  n.  743. 

The  present  copy  lacks  the  first  four  leaves,  containing 
the  title  and  the  table  of  contents ;  but  both  the  title  and 


EARLY  PRINTED  BOOKS  39 

the  woodcut  accompanying  it  are  repeated  elsewhere  in 
the  volume,  the  title  on  fol.  218a,  the  woodcut  on  fol.  87a. 

Of  the  French  original,  L  'ordinaire  des  chrestiens,  at 
least  six  editions  were  printed  before  1500,  the  earliest 
apparently  at  Eouen,  c.  1487.  In  them  it  is  stated  that  the 
writing  was  commenced  22  May,  1467  and  finished 
(consomme)  22  May,  1469.  The  corresponding  dates  in 
the  prologue  and  epilogue  of  the  translation  are  "fyrst 
begonne  to  be  wryten"  14  Jan.,  1467,  "fyrst  consumed" 
14  Jan.,  1500.  The  confusion,  common  to  both  the  French 
and  the  English  of  the  15th  century,  in  the  derivatives 
of  consummare  and  consumere  relieves  the  translator, 
Andrew  Chertsey,  from  the  appearance  of  an  over-literal 
translation,  but  the  change  in  the  date  of  the  completed 
work  can  hardly  be  in  the  direction  of  accuracy. 

The  woodcuts  which  appeared  in  the  first  edition  of  the 
"Ordinary"  printed  in  1502  are  in  this  second  edition 
replaced  by  others  of  different  design  and  better  execu- 
tion, borrowed  mainly  from  ' l  The  craf te  to  lyve  well  and 
to  dye  well",  printed  by  de  Worde  in  1505  and  like  the 
present  work  translated  by  Chertsey  from  a  French 
original,  L'art  de  bien  vivre  et  de  bien  mourir.  Two  of 
these  illustrations,  "Temptation  to  Impatience"  (fol. 
73b)  and  "Soul  leaving  the  Body"  (fol.  218a),  are  copied 
from  the  early  block-book  Ars  moriendi. 

Bound  by  Alfred  Matthews  in  blind-tooled  crimson 
morocco,  with  inside  gold  borders  and  gilt  edges.  Leaf 
8*4  X  53/4  in. 

Wynkyn  de  Worde,  Caxton's  assistant,  was  a  native  of 
Worth,  Alsace.  He  came  into  possession  of  his  master's 
printing  materials  on  his  death  in  1491  and  continued  to 
occupy  his  house  in  Westminster  until  1500  when  he 
moved  to  Fleet  Street  within  the  city.  In  the  number  of 
his  books,  almost  eight  hundred,  he  surpassed  all  the 
early  printers,  but  many  of  them  were  works  of  small 
size  and  consequence.  Some  of  his  largest  and  finest 
books  were  reprints  of  Caxton's  folios.     Mention  has 


40  CATALOGUE  OF 

been  made  of  his  use  of  Caxton's  original  device  without 
addition.  In  all  of  his  own  various  devices  also,  the  place 
of  honor  in  the  center  is  given  to  Caxton's  initials  and 
cipher,  plainly  as  a  mark  of  loyalty  to  the  master,  not 
an  advertisement  of  himself  as  the  successor. 

26.  INTRATIONES.    London,  Richard  Pynson,  28  Feb. 
1510. 

Fol.  T,  Title  :  INtrationum  excellentissimus  liber  per- 
quam  necessarius  omnibus  legis  hominibws:  fere  in  se 
continens  omwem  medullam  diversarwm  materiarwm  ac 
placitorwm  tarn  realium,  personalium,  quam  mixtorwm. 
Necnow  multorum  breuium  tarn  executionum  quam 
aliorum  valde  vtilium  illis  hunc  librum  inspecturis  aut 
inscrutandis.  Que  quidem  supradicta  faciliter  possunt 
inveniri  per  indicem  alphabeticum  peruigilawti  studio 
cowfectura  &  per  ordinem  litteraTum  redactum.  .  .  Fol. 
lh,  [Full  page  woodcut  of  the  king's  arms  crowned,  sup- 
ported by  a  dragon  and  a  greyhound,  with  a  portcullis  on 
either  side  and  a  rose  and  two  angels  above.]  Fol.  2*: 
Intrationum  libri  Index  Alphabeticws.  Fol.  10h:  Finis 
tabule  Intrationum.  Fol.  193",  Colophon  :  Explicit  opus 
excellentissimum  &  perutile  in  se  continens  multas  mate- 
rias  ommbus  legis  hominibus  ~perquam  necessarias 
nouiter  Impressum,  correctum,  emendatum,  &  now 
minimo  labore  reuisum  Londoni  in  vico  vulgariter  mw- 
cupato  Fletstrete  in  officina  ere  ac  impensis  honesti  viri 
Ricardi  Pynson  Regis  Impressoris  moram  suam  tra- 
hentis  sub  signo  diui  Georgii  Anno  nostfre  redemptionis 
.M.CCCCC.x.  Die  vero  vltima  Mensis  Februarii.  Fol. 
193h,  [Printer's  Device.]    Fol.  194,  blank. 

Folio.  Sign.  Aa6,  Bb*,  a-z,  &,  9,  A-E6,  Fi  194  leaves,  the  last  blank, 
11-193  numbered  i-clxxxv,  but  with  the  omission  of  li  and  liv  and  other 
irregularities.  Gothic  letter,  54  lines  to  the  page,  with  marginal  side- 
headings.  The  title,  occupying  seventeen  lines  of  bold  heavy-faced  type,  is 
printed  in  red  and  black  and  in  the  form  of  an  inverted  triangle.  The 
Index  Alphdb eticus  is  introduced  by  a  ten-line  initial  A  with  a  rose  above 
and  a  portcullis  below  the  middle  bar,  found  also  in  the  same  printer's 


EARLY  PRINTED  BOOKS  41 

Sarum  missal  of  1520.  The  other  divisions  of  the  index  have  mostly  four- 
line  woodcut  initials,  some  of  grotesque  pattern.  Five-line  space  with 
guide-letter  for  the  first  initial  of  the  text.  Ornaments  of  four  patterns, 
repeated  singly  or  in  combination,  are  used  to  lengthen  out  the  frequent 
short  end  lines  of  paragraphs  in  order  to  give  more  solidity  to  the  appear- 
ance of  the  page.  Three  of  the  same  ornaments  are  found  also  on  the 
title-page  of  Whitinton's  Vulgaria,  printed  by  W.  de  Worde  in  1521. 
Ames-Dibdin  ii,  441. 

In  the  present  copy  the  index  (sign.  Aa.  2-6,  Bb.  1-4) 
is  separated  from  the  title  (Aa.  1)  and  placed  at  the  end 
of  the  volume.  Name  of  Johes  Coningesby  written  in  a 
sixteenth  century  hand  on  the  first  page  of  both  text  and 
index.  The  device  is  the  fourth  of  Pynson  's  seven  devices 
and  was  in  use  1496-1513.  Allusion  is  made  in  the  colo- 
phon to  an  earlier  edition,  no  copy  of  which  appears  to  be 
known.  The  work  was  reprinted  by  Henry  Smythe, 
London,  1546. 

Eichard  Pynson,  a  Norman  by  birth,  established  him- 
self in  London  about  1490,  taking  over,  as  there  is  good 
reason  to  believe,  the  business  of  Machlinia,  a  printer  of 
law  books,  for  which  his  knowledge  of  Norman-French 
especially  fitted  him.  In  1508  he  was  made  Printer  to  the 
King  and  in  that  year  also  he  printed  two  books  in  roman 
type,  the  first  use  of  that  character  in  England.  He  is 
known  to  have  printed  at  least  371  books,  a  much  smaller 
number  than  de  Worde,  but  as  a  rule  larger  and  more 
important  books.  He  is  regarded  as  the  best  English 
printer  of  his  time  and  the  Liber  Intrationum  is  one  of 
his  finest  books. 

Bound  in  red  velvet,  with  silk  linings  and  gilt  edges. 
Leaf  123,4  X  91/4  in. 

From  the  Syston  Park  library,  with  the  book-plate  and 
monogram  of  Sir  John  Henry  Thorold. 

27.  PLUTAECHUS.    Moralia  Graece.    Venetiis,  in  sedi- 
bus  Aldi  et  Andreae  soceri,  1509. 

Title  :  PLVTAECHI  OPVSCVLA.  LXXXXII.  Index 
Moralium  omnium,  &  eorum  quae  in  ipsis  tractantur,  habe- 
tur  in  hoc  quaternione.     Numerus  autem  Arithmeticus 


42  CATALOGUE  OF 

remittit  lectorem  ad  semipaginam,  ubi  tractantur  singula. 
[ Aldine  anchor] .  P.  1050,  Colophon  :  Venetiis,  in  aedibus 
Aldi  &  Andreae  Asulani  Soceri.  mense  Martio.  M.  D.  IX. 
[Blank  leaf  with  anchor  on  verso.] 

Quarto.  Sign.  *,  a-z,  &,  aa-zz,  aaa-sss8,  ttt6.  8  unnumbered  preliminary 
leaves  (sign  *  not  included  in  register  on  p.  1050)  containing  title,  dedi- 
catory epistle  of  Aldus  to  Jacopo  Antiquario,  index,  four  couplets  of  Jerome 
Aleander,  preface  of  the  editor  Demetrius  Doukas  (all  except  title  and 
dedication  in  Greek) ;  1050  numbered  pages  of  Greek  text,  final  blank  leaf 
with  anchor  on  verso.  The  type  is  Aldus 's  fourth  Greek  font,  46  lines  to 
the  page,  five-  to  eight-line  spaces  left  for  initials.  The  semipagina  (the 
equivalent  of  our  page)  to  which  the  index  directs  the  reader,  shows  that 
pagina  still  had  its  older  meaning  leaf,  and  incidentally  that  the  numbering 
of  the  page  instead  of  the  leaf  was  an  innovation.  The  anchor  and  dolphin 
device,  the  symbol  of  the  motto  Festina  lente,  which  first  appeared  in  the 
Dante  of  1502,  is  here  in  its  first  form,  but  of  the  larger  size  suitable  for 
folios  and  enclosed  in  double  lines,  on  the  title-page  without  name,  but  on 
the  last  leaf  with  the  addition  ALDVS.MA.EO.  Although  on  the  evidence 
of  the  chain-lines  and  the  water-mark  technically  a  quarto,  the  volume  on 
account  of  its  unusual  size  was  doubtless  printed  like  a  folio  on  half  sheets. 
Eenouard,  p.  55.     Firmin-Didot,  p.  317. 

Plutarch's  Moralia  belongs  to  that  imposing  series  of 
first  editions  of  the  Greek  classics  which  among  all  the 
services  of  Aldus  Manutius  to  the  revival  of  learning  are 
perhaps  his  best  title  to  enduring  fame.  When  he  set  up 
his  press  in  1495  five  in  all,  and  but  one,  Homer,  of  the 
first  rank,  had  been  printed.  When  he  died  twenty  years 
later  his  first  editions  outnumbered  those  of  all  his  con- 
temporaries put  together,  and  the  rank  was  even  more 
significant  than  the  number,  for  among  them  were  in- 
cluded Aristotle,  Plato,  Thucydides,  Herodotus,  Aris- 
tophanes, Sophocles,  Euripides,  Pindar  and  Demosthenes. 
The  Plutarch  was  printed  from  MSS.  still  preserved  in 
the  library  of  St.  Mark. 

The  Greek  type  of  Aldus  was  a  new  departure,  based  on 
the  cursive  or  business  handwriting  of  his  day  in  distinc- 
tion from  the  older  book-hand  which  had  served  as  the 
model  for  the  first  Greek  fonts.  It  gained  immediate 
popularity  and  for  more  than  two  hundred  years,  either 
directly  or  through  fonts  based  upon  it,  dominated  the 


EARLY  PRINTED  BOOKS  43 

Greek  printing  of  Europe.  At  length,  mainly  because  of 
the  ligatures  and  contractions,  it  was  supplanted  by  type 
of  more  open  and  regular  forms. 

In  1508  Aldus  took  as  partner  his  father-in-law,  Andrea 
Torresano  d'Asola,  a  Venetian  printer  who  in  1480  had 
taken  over  the  business  of  Nicolas  Jenson.  The  imprint 
which  had  hitherto  been  apud  Aldum  or  in  aedibus  Aldi 
now  became  in  aedibus  Aldi  et  Andreae  soceri.  After 
the  death  of  Aldus  in  1515  the  press  was  conducted  with- 
out change  of  name  by  the  surviving  partner  until  his 
own  death  in  1529. 

Thick  paper  copy.  Leaf  103/4  X  7  in.  On  p.  1050  is 
written  Collegii  Societatis  Jesu  Embricae  1605. 

From  the  library  of  Sir  J.  H.  Thorold  of  Syston  Park, 
with  book-plate.  Bound  by  R.  Storr,  Grantham,  in  red 
morocco,  gilt  edges,  with  anchor  on  sides.  The  "Diction- 
ary of  English  Book-collectors,"  pt.  2,  calls  attention  to 
the  Aldine  anchor  (made  more  realistic  by  an  end  of  rope 
cable  twisted  about  it)  stamped  by  the  Grantham  book- 
binders Messrs.  Storr  &  Eidge  upon  many  of  the  Thorold 
books,  "not  only  those  bound  by  themselves,  but  also 
those  bound  by  far  better  men. ' '  Examples  of  both  kinds 
are  found  in  the  present  collection. 

As  an  illustration  of  the  first  Greek  type  of  Aldus  there 
is  joined  to  this  collection  a  finely  executed  manuscript 
facsimile  on  vellum  of  his  Musaeus  of  1495,  his  second 
book  (preceded  by  the  Grammar  of  Lascaris),  but  the 
first  in  which  the  font  appeared  in  its  completed  state. 
From  the  Syston  Park  library.  Bound  by  Bozerian 
Jeune,  in  blue  morocco  extra. 

28.  SCRIPTORES    REI    RUSTICAE.      Venetiis,    in 
aedibus  Aldi  et  Andreae  soceri,  1514. 

Title  :  LIBRI  DE  RE  RVSTICA.  M.  CATONIS  LIB. 
I.  M.  TERENTII  VARRONIS  LIB.  III.  L.  IVNII 
MODERATI  COLVMELLAE  LIB.  XII.  Eiusdem  de 
arboribus  liber  separatus  ab  alijs,  quare  autem  id  factum 


44  CATALOGUE  OF 

fuerit:  ostenditur  in  epistola  ad  lectorem.  PALLADII 
LIB.  XIIII.  De  duobus  dierum  generibus :  simulqwe  de 
umbris,  et  lioris,  quae  apud  Palladium,  in  alia  epistola  ad 
lectorem.  Georgij  Alexandrini  enarrationes  priscarum 
dictionum,  quae  in  his  libris  Catonis :  Varronis :  Columellae. 
[Aldine  anchor].  Hos  libros  Pontificis  etiam  Leonis 
decreto,  nequis  alius  usquam  locorum  impune  imprimat, 
cautum  est.  Fol.  308s":  Colophon  :  VENETIIS  IN  AEDI- 
BVS  ALDI  ET  ANDREAE  SOCERI  MENSE  MAIO 
M.D.XIIII.    [Aldine  anchor  on  verso]. 

Quarto.  Sign.  *,  aa,  bb8,  cc10,  a-h8,  i4,  k-z,  A-Q8.  8  unnumbered  pre- 
liminary leaves  containing  title,  privilege  of  Leo  X.  countersigned  by  P. 
Bembo,  papal  secretary,  preface  of  the  editor,  Fra  Giocondo,  addressed  to 
Leo  X.,  Aldus  lectori  (two  epistles,  the  first  relating  to  the  position  of  the 
De  arboribus  of  Columella,  an  independent  treatise,  in  previous  editions 
inserted  in  his  Be  re  rustica  as  liber  iii,  but  here  correctly  placed  after  that 
work,  the  second,  to  the  hours  of  Palladius,  varying  in  length  with  the 
seasons,  and  the  use  of  the  gnomon  in  determining  them),  errata;  26 
unnumbered  leaves  (preceded  by  a  second  title  with  anchor  and  mention  of 
the  privileges  of  Alexander  VI.,  Julius  II.  and  Leo.  X.)  containing  explana- 
tions of  unfamiliar  words  and  table  of  contents,  last  leaf  blank;  308  num- 
bered leaves  of  text.  Sign.  *  is  not  included  in  the  register  on  fol.  308a  and 
being  followed  by  a  second  title-page  its  absence,  if  accidentally  omitted, 
might  pass  unnoticed.  Italic  letter,  39  lines  to  the  page,  six-  to  seven-line 
spaces  with  guide-letters  left  for  the  initials  of  the  thirty  books,  which  in 
the  present  copy  are  supplied  in  gold  and  colors.  Numerous  paragraph-marks 
in  alternate  red  and  blue.  Euled  in  red.  Kenouard,  p.  66.  Firmin-Didot, 
p.  370. 

The  italic  type  of  Aldus,  a  cursive  or  semi-cursive 
roman,  the  counterpart  of  his  cursive  Greek,  was  modeled 
as  he  himself  informs  us  on  the  handwriting  of  Petrarch 
a  lettra  per  lettra.  It  first  appeared  in  the  Vergil  of  1501, 
the  first  of  his  octavo  series  of  classics  and  only  three 
months  later,  as  was  but  just,  in  Le  cose  volgari  of 
Petrarch.  It  had  at  the  outset,  corresponding  to  the 
Greek  ligatures,  many  double  letters  and  even  groups  of 
three  cast  on  the  same  body,  which  were  for  the  most  part 
eliminated  later  by  Paulus  Manutius.  Originally  it  con- 
sisted only  of  lower-case  letters  and  borrowed  the  capitals 
of  the  roman  font,  using  for  economy  of  space  small 


EARLY  PRINTED  BOOKS  45 

capitals  which  DeVinne  points  out  as  the  useful  inven- 
tion of  Aldus.  Aldus  was  sensible  of  the  deficiency 
and  the  last  clause  of  his  will  was  a  request  to  his  partner, 
Andrea,  to  have  suitable  capitals  made  by  the  celebrated 
engraver,  Giulio  Campagnola.  It  was,  however,  not  until 
1558  that  they  were  finally  supplied  by  Paulus,  in  connec- 
tion with  a  new  italic  font.  What  has  now  ceased  to  be 
anything  more  than  a  useful  auxiliary  type  was  by  Aldus 
employed  as  a  text  type,  a  chief  recommendation  being 
that  it  was  more  condensed  than  the  roman  and  enabled 
him  to  greatly  reduce  the  price  of  his  books  by  making  an 
octavo  do  the  work  of  a  quarto  or  folio.  In  1501  he 
printed  six,  and  in  1502  eleven  octavos,  whereas  all  his 
earlier  books,  with  one  unimportant  exception,  had  been 
of  the  larger  forms. 

In  1496  the  Venetian  Senate  granted  to  Aldus  protec- 
tion for  his  Greek  type  and  the  books  printed  with  it  for 
the  period  of  twenty  years,  and  in  1502  a  like  privilege 
covering  both  his  italic  and  Greek  type  for  ten  years.  A 
similar  grant  made  by  Alexander  VI.  in  1502  was  renewed 
by  Julius  II.  in  January,  1513,  for  fifteen  years  and  con- 
firmed by  his  successor,  Leo  X.,  in  December  of  the  same 
year. 

From  the  library  of  Eobert  Samuel  Turner,  sold  in 
1888. 

Bound  in  red  morocco  extra,  with  gold  tooling  in  the 
Grolier  style,  edges  gilt  over  red.  Leaf  8y2  X  5V4  in. 
Book-stamp  on  verso  of  last  leaf:  "Ex  libris  J.B.P.H. 
Caque,  D.M.  Rem.  1775". 

29.  CICERO,  Maecus  Tullius.    Rhetorica.    Venetiis,  in 
aedibus  Aldi  et  Andreae  soceri,  1521. 

Title:  IN  HOC  VOLVMINE  HAEC  CONTI- 
NENTVR.  Rhetoricorum  ad  C.  Herennium  lib.  IIII. 
M.  T.  Ciceronis  de  inuentione  lib.  II.  Eiusdem  de  oratore 
ad  Quintum  fratrem  lib.  III.    Eiusdem  de  Claris  oratori- 


46  CATALOGUE  OF 

bus,  qui  dicitur  Brutus  lib.  I.  Eiusdem  Orator  ad  Brutum 
lib.  I.  Eiusdem  Topica  ad  Trebatium  lib.  I.  Eiusdem 
oratorise  partitiones  lib.  I.  Eiusdem  de  optimo  genere 
oratorum  praefatio  quaedam.  Index  rerum  notabilium, 
quae  toto  opere  continentur,  per  ordinem  alphabeti. 
[Aldine  anchor]  Hos  libros  etiam  Pontificum  Alexan- 
dri,  Iulij,  ac  Leonis  demum  decretis,  neqwis  alius  usquam 
locorum  impune  imprimat,  cautum  est.  Fol.  245*,  Colo- 
phon :  VENETIIS  IN  AEDIBVS  ALDI,  ET  ANDREAE 
SOCERI  MENSE  OCTOBRI  M.D.XXI.  [Blank  leaf 
with  anchor  on  verso]. 

Quarto.  Sign.  *,  **,  a-k8,  l4,  m-z,  A-G8,  H10.  16  unnumbered  preliminary 
leaves,  containing  preface  by  Aldus  addressed  to  Andrea  Navagero  and 
alphabetical  index  (the  blank  last  leaf  wanting  in  this  copy) ;  245  numbered 
leaves  of  text  and  final  blank  leaf  with  anchor.  Sign.  *  and  **  have  eight 
leaves  each,  not  ten  as  stated  in  the  register  on  p.  245.  Italic  letter,  39 
lines  to  the  page,  three-  to  seven-line  spaces  with  guide-letters  left  for 
initials.  The  anchor  is  of  the  second,  somewhat  ungraceful,  pattern  in  use 
3519-1524,  after  which  there  was  for  some  years  a  return  to  the  first  form. 
Eenouard,  p.  93. 

Reprinted,  with  only  the  addition  of  the  index,  from  the 
1514  edition  of  Aldus.  In  the  preface  is  found  the  often 
quoted  inscription  placed  over  the  door  of  Aldus  to 
discourage  the  idle  visitor:  Quisquis  es:  rogat  te  Aldus 
etiam:  atque  etiam:  ut,  si  quid  est,  quod  a  se  velis:  per- 
paucis  agas,  etc.  The  edition  of  1533,  with  the  imprint  in 
cedibus  haeredum  Aldi  Manutii  Romani  &  Andreae  Asu- 
lani  Soceri  and  a  short  preface  by  Paulus  Manutius  (it 
was  his  first  book  as  director  of  the  press)  is  also  essen- 
tially unchanged,  but  his  edition  of  1546,  in  octavo,  was 
thoroughly  revised  in  text  and  accompanied  by  a  folio 
volume  of  variorum  commentaries. 

Bound  by  Roger  Payne,  in  blue  morocco,  gilt  edges, 
with  cipher  of  Sir  Mark  Masterman  Sykes  on  back,  at 
whose  sale  in  1824  it  brought  £l.lls.6d.  The  Syston 
Park  copy  with  book-plate,  and  monogram  of  Sir  John 
Hayford  Thorold.    Leaf  8y2  X  5V4  in. 


EARLY  PRINTED  BOOKS  47 

30.  CELSUS,  Aurelius  Cornelius.  De  medicina. 
SERENUS,  Quintus.  De  medicina.  Venetiis,  in 
aedibus  Aldi  et  Andreae  soceri,  1528. 

Title:  IN  HOC  VOLVMINE  HAEC  CONTI- 
NENTVR.  AVRELII  CORNELII  CELSI  MEDI- 
CINAE  LIBRI  .VIII.  QVAM  EMENDATISSIMI, 
GRAECIS  ETIAM  OMNIBVS  DICTIONIBVS  RESTI- 
TVTIS.  QVINTI  SERENI  LIBER  DE  MEDICINA 
ET  IPSE  CASTIGATISS.  ACCEDIT  INDEX  IN  CEL- 
SVM  ET  SERENVM  SANE  QVAM  COPIOSVS. 
[Aldine  anchor]  Venetorum  decreto,  ne  quis  aliquo  in 
loco  Venetae  ditionis  hos  libros  imprimat,  impressosue 
alibi  uendat,  cautum  est.  Fol.  1\-  AVRELII  CORNELII 
CELSI  ARTIVM  LIBER  SEXTVS,  IDEM  MEDI- 
CINAE  LIBER  PRIMVS.  Fol.  164\-  Colophon  :  VENE- 
TIIS IN  AEDIBVS  ALDI,  ET  ANDREAE  ASVLANI 
SOCERI  MENSE  MARTIO.  M.D.XXVIII.  [Aldine 
anchor  on  verso]. 

Quarto.  8  preliminary  unnumbered  leaves  containing  title,  dedicatory 
epistle  of  the  editor,  Giovanni  Baptista  Egnazio,  to  Cardinal  Hercules 
Gonzaga  and  index;  164  numbered  leaves  of  text  (fol.  148  blank).  Italic 
letter,  three-  to  seven-line  spaces  with  guide-letter  left  for  initials. 
Eenouard,  p.  105. 

The  De  Medicina  of  Celsus  is  the  second  and  only 
surviving  part  of  his  Encyclopaedia  entitled  Artes,  in  five 
divisions.  The  first  division,  De  Agricultura,  consisted 
of  five  books,  so  that  the  sixth  book  of  Artes  was  at  the 
same  time  the  first  of  De  Medicina. 

The  Syston  Park  copy,  uncut.  Bound  by  Roger  Payne 
in  red  morocco.    Leaf  9  X  5!/o  in. 

31.  CICERO,  Marcus  Tullius.     Epistolae  ad  Atticum, 

ad  M.  Brutum,  ad  Quintum  fratrem.    Venetiis,  apud 
Aldi  filios,  1540. 

Title  :  M.TVLLII  CICERONIS  EPISTOLAE  ad  Atti- 
cum, ad  M.  Brutum,  ad  Quintum  fratrem,  summa  dili- 
gentia  castigatae,  ut  in  ijs  menda,  quae  plurima  erant,  pau- 


48  CATALOGUE  OF 

cissima  jam  supersint.  PAVLI MANVTII  IN  E ASDEM 
EPISTOLAS  Scholia,  quibus  abditi  locorum  sensus 
ostenduntur,  cum  explicatione  castigationum,  quas  in  his 
epistolis  pene  innumerabilis  facta?  sunt.  [Aldine  anchor] 
PAVLVS  MANVTIVS  ALDI  F.  VENETIIS,  M.D.XL. 
Fol.  344%  Colophon  :  APVD  ALDI  FILIOS.  VENETIIS, 
M.D.XL.  MENSE  AVGVSTO.    [Aldine  anchor  on  verso] 

Octavo.  2  preliminary  leaves  containing  title  and  dedication  by  Paulus 
Manutius  to  Guillaume  Pellicier,  Bishop  of  Montpellier,  331  numbered  leaves 
of  text,  10  unnumbered  leaves  of  translations  of  the  Greek  passages,  con- 
jectural emendations  which  the  editor  "would  not  hesitate  to  adopt  if  he 
should  ever  find  an  ancient  MS.  to  confirm  them"  and  a  final  leaf  with 
colophon  and  anchor.  The  Scholia,  24  unnumbered  leaves,  have  a  separate 
title,  with  notice  of  copyright  granted  by  Paul  III.  (the  fourth  pope  to 
grant  this  privilege)  and  the  Venetian  senate;  colophon  and  anchor 
repeated  on  last  leaf.  Italic  letter,  30  lines  to  the  page,  five-line  spaces  with 
guide-letters  left  for  initials.    Eenouard,  p.  120. 

Except  for  the  interval  1533-6  the  press  was  inactive 
from  1529  to  1540,  on  account  of  dissensions  between  the 
heirs  of  Andrea  and  Aldus.  The  partnership  having  been 
dissolved  the  press  was  reopened  in  1540  by  the  sons  of 
Aldus  (apud  Aldi  filios)  under  the  direction  of  the 
youngest,  Paulus  Manutius  (1512-74),  who  restored  and 
added  to  its  lustre.  Of  Cicero,  his  favorite  author,  he 
revised  the  entire  text  and  printed  repeated  editions  of 
some  of  the  works :  e.g.  of  the  Epistolae  ad  Atticum,  ad  M. 
Brutum,  ad  Quintum  fratrem  not  less  than  ten,  of  which 
this  is  the  first.  The  brief  scholia  he  expanded  later  into 
full  and  valuable  commentaries,  on  the  Letters  to  Atticus 
in  1547,  on  the  Letters  to  Brutus  and  Quintus  in  1557. 

It  was  Petrarch  who  in  1345  discovered  in  a  Verona 
MS.  the  long  lost  Letters  to  Atticus,  Brutus  and  Quintus 
and  copied  them  with  his  own  hand.  Both  the  MS.  and 
Petrarch's  copy  are  lost.  But  of  the  MS.  another  tran- 
script, procured  by  Petrarch's  friend  Salutati  in  1389,  is 
preserved  in  the  Laurentian  Library,  and  of  the  Petrarch 
copy  we  have  here  a  replica  in  the  type  which  Aldus 
characterized  as  manum  mentiens. 


EARLY  PRINTED  BOOKS  49 

From  the  Syston  Park  library,  with  book-plate.  Bound 
by  Eoger  Payne,  in  blue  morocco,  gilt  edges.  Leaf  6y2  X 
4  in. 

32.  CICERO,  Maecus  Tullius.  Orationes.  Venetiis, 
apud  Aldi  filios,  1546. 
Title  :  M.  TVLLII  CICERONIS  ORATIONVM  PARS 
I.  [Aldine  anchor]  CORRIGENTE  PAVLO  MAN- 
VTIO,  ALDI  FILIO.  VENETIIS,  M.D.XLVI.  Fol. 
308%  Colophon:  VENETIIS,  APVD  ALDI  FILIOS, 
M.D.XXXXVI. 

Octavo.  4  unnumbered  preliminary  leaves,  containing  title  and  preface 
of  Paulus  Manutius  addressed  to  Cardinal  Benedetto  Accolto,  303  numbered 
leaves  of  text  and  a  final  leaf  with  register  and  colophon  on  the  recto  and 
anchor  on  the  verso.  Italic  letter,  30  lines  to  the  page,  five-line  spaces  with 
guide-letters  left  for  initials.     Renouard,  p.  136. 

The  second  edition  of  the  Orations  printed  by  Paulus, 
vol.  I  only  (II,  III  wanting),  on  large  paper.  Renouard 
(who  knew  of  no  complete  copy  of  the  three  volumes  l.p.) 
remarks,  p.  141,  on  the  too  elongated  form  of  most  of  the 
Aldine  large  paper  octavos,  in  which  all  the  increased 
space  is  at  the  bottom.  In  the  present  copy  it  is  divided 
between  the  bottom  and  the  outer  margin,  the  inner  mar- 
gin and  the  top  having  no  increase  of  width — an  arrange- 
ment well  adapted  for  marginal  annotations  and  perhaps 
designed  for  that  use.  An  early  owner  of  this  copy  has 
in  fact  added  to  the  printed  title  (Orationum  Pars  1)  with 
a  pen  the  word  Commentata,  but  proceeded  no  further 
with  his  plan  than  simply  to  underscore  a  number  of 
words  on  the  first  three  pages,  leaving  the  margins 
untouched. 

The  most  important  of  the  commentaries  of  Paulus  was 
that  on  the  Orations,  completed  not  long  before  his  death 
and  printed  by  his  son  Aldus  in  1578-9  in  three  folio 
volumes. 

From  the  Syston  Park  library,  with  book-plate  and  the 
monogram  of  Sir  J.  H.  Thorold.  Bound  in  red  morocco, 
gilt  edges,  with  Aldine  anchor  in  gold  on  sides.  Leaf 
8  X  5%  in. 


50  CATALOGUE  OF 

33.  PTOLEMAEUS,  Claudius.  PlanisphsBrium.  JOR- 
DANUS  NEMORANUS.  Planisphserium.  Venetiis, 
[apud  Paulum  Manutium],  1558. 

Title:  PTOLEMAEI  PLANISPHAERIVM.  IOR- 
DANI  PLANISPHAERIVM.  FEDERICI  COM- 
MANDINI  VRBINATIS  IN  PTOLEMAEI  PLANIS- 
PHAERIVM COMMENTARIVS.  In  quo  uniuersa 
Scenographices  ratio  quam  breuissime  traditur,  ac 
demonstrationibus  confirniatur.  [Aldine  anchor]  VE- 
NETIIS, M.D.LVIIL 

Quarto  (not  octavo,  as  described  by  Kenouard).  Part  1.  4  unnumbered 
preliminary  leaves  containing  title  and  dedicatory  preface  of  Commandino 
to  Cardinal  Eainuccio  Farnese,  37  numbered  leaves  of  text  (1-25  Ptolemy, 
26-37  Jordanus),  final  blank  leaf  with  anchor  on  verso.  Part  2.  28  num- 
bered leaves  of  commentary,  with  separate  title,  anchor  both  on  title  and  on 
verso  of  last  leaf.  Text  in  roman,  25  lines  to  the  page ;  commentary  in  italic, 
34  lines  to  the  page.  Many  woodcut  diagrams.  Both  text  and  commentary  are 
introduced  by  a  seven-line  woodcut  initial  belonging  to  a  mythological  series 
found  in  other  books  of  Paulus  of  this  period,  C  picturing  Calypso  bidding 
adieu  to  Ulysses,  I,  Juno  seated  on  a  car  drawn  by  peacocks.  The  original 
italic  font  of  Aldus,  the  so-called  Aldino  type,  which  appears  to  have  passed 
into  the  possession  of  the  Torresani  relatives  at  about  this  date,  is  here 
replaced  by  a  new  font  having  a  perceptibly  larger  face,  though  only  a 
slightly  larger  body  (20  lines  of  the  new  equalling  21  of  the  old)  and  con- 
sequently showing  less  white  between  the  lines.    Kenouard,  p.  173. 

In  1554  the  subscription  assumed  the  new  form  apud 
Paulum  Manutium  Aldi  F.,  showing  that  Paulus  had 
acquired  his  brothers'  rights  in  the  press.  At  the  same 
time  he  returned  to  the  earlier  and  simpler  form  of  the 
anchor  with  the  name  Aldus,  instead  of  the  Aldi  filii  and 
the  ornamental  border  in  use  since  1546.  Sometimes,  as 
in  the  present  volume,  the  subscription  is  omitted  alto- 
gether and  the  anchor  with  the  name  Aldus  alone  used. 
Here  moreover  the  place  and  date  appear  only  on  the 
title-page  and  the  colophon  is  dropped  as  no  longer  useful. 

The  original  Greek  text  of  Ptolemy's  Planisphere  is 
lost.  To  the  present  Latin  translation,  made  by  an 
unknown  hand  from  the  Arabic,  is  appended  (fol.  25)  this 
subscription :  Facta  est  translatio  haec  Tolosae  Cal.  lunii 


EARLY  PRINTED  BOOKS  51 

Anno  Domini  MCXLIIII.  The  revival  of  the  study  of 
the  Greek  mathematicians  in  the  sixteenth  century  was 
largely  due  to  the  admirable  translations  and  commen- 
taries of  Federigo  Commandino  of  Urbino  (1509-75). 
This  edition  of  Ptolemy's  Planisphere  still  remains  the 
best.  In  the  same  year  Paulus  printed  Archimedis  Opera 
nonnulla  a  Federico  Commandino  Vrbinate  nuper  in  lati- 
num  conversa  et  commentaries  illustrata. 

Uncut  copy,  bound  in  blue  morocco,  with  vellum  fly- 
leaves. Leaf  8%  X  6y2  in.  From  the  Syston  Park 
library  with  book-plate  and  monogram  of  Sir  John 
Hayford  Thorold. 

34.  LIVIUS,  Titus.    Historiarum  ab  urbe  condita  libri. 
Venetiis,  in  aedibus  Manutianis,  1572. 

Title:  T.LIVII  PATAVINI,  Historiarum  ab  urbe 
condita,  LIBRI.  QVI.  EXSTANT  XXXV  CVM.  VNI- 
VERSAE.  HISTORIAE.  EPITOMIS  Caroli  Sigonij 
Scholia,  quibus  ijdem  libri,  atque  epitomae  partim  emen- 
dantur,  partim  etiam  explanantur,  Ab  Auctore  multis  in 
partibus  aucta.  [Printer's  device]  VENETIIS  QO 
DLXXIL    In  Aedibus  Manutianis. 

Folio.  Part  1.  48  unnumbered  preliminary  leaves  containing  title, 
preface  of  Sigonius,  Veterum  scriptorum  de  T.  Liuio  testimonia  ab  Aldo 
Manutio  Paulli  F.  Aldi  N.  collecta,  Libri  primi  epitome,  'Return,  et  vocum 
apud  T.  Liuium  index  copiosissimus ;  399  numbered  leaves  of  text  (blank 
last  leaf  wanting).  Part  2.  Caroli  Sigonii  Scholia,  with  separate  title  and 
device,  109  numbered  leaves  and  blank  end  leaf.  Part  3.  Caroli  Sigonii 
Livianorum  Scholiorum  aliquot  Defensiones  adversus  Glareanum  et 
Bobortellum,  with  separate  title  and  device,  52  numbered  pages.  Eoman 
character,  except  epitomae  i-xlv  and  index  which  are  in  the  italic  type  of  the 
Ptolemy  commentary,  and  the  preface  which  is  a  large  and  unusual  italic, 
first  found  in  a  notice  prefixed  to  the  Medici  antiqui  of  1547,  once  as  a  text 
type  in  1550,  afterwards  only  in  an  occasional  preface  or  title-page.  Like 
the  smaller  italic  of  Paulus  it  is  provided  with  capitals.  The  large  woodcut 
initials  of  the  several  books  belong  to  the  mythological  series  found  in  the 
Ptolemy  but  are  here  much  worn.    Eenouard,  p.  215. 

Editions  of  Livy  with  the  Scholia  of  Sigonius  were 
issued  from  the  Aldine  press  in  1555, 1566, 1572  and  1592. 
This  third  edition  is  distinguished  from  those  which  pre- 


52  CATALOGUE  OF 

ceded  it  by  some  additions  to  the  Scholia  and  an  appendix 
in  which  the  editor  defends  his  views  on  the  chronology 
of  Livy  against  the  attacks  of  two  opponents.  But  typo- 
graphically it  is  inferior  to  the  second  edition  as  the 
second  was  inferior  to  the  first,  which  alone  was  printed 
under  the  active  supervision  of  Paulus.  In  1561  he  went 
to  Rome  to  undertake  the  direction  of  a  press  which  Pius 
IV.  was  about  to  establish  and  died  there  in  1574,  having 
made  only  one  brief  visit  to  Venice  in  the  intervening 
thirteen  years.  In  his  absence  the  Venice  press,  when  not 
inactive  or  leased,  was  mainly  in  the  charge  of  his  son, 
the  younger  Aldus  (1547-97),  who  in  spite  of  the  promise 
of  his  early  years  failed  both  as  a  scholar  and  as  a  printer 
to  sustain  the  reputation  of  his  father  and  grandfather. 
To  the  present  edition  Aldus  contributed  the  Veterum 
scriptorum  de  T.  Liuio  testimonia,  and  he  is  also  unques- 
tionably responsible  for  the  large  and  strange  device 
which  replaces  the  simple  anchor  for  which  his  father  had 
shown  so  marked  a  preference.  It  consists  of  the  arms 
granted  to  Paulus  in  1571  by  the  Emperor  Maximilian 
II.  (in  which  the  Aldine  anchor  occupies  a  subordinate 
place)  surrounded  by  a  border  of  heavy  ornament  with 
the  addition:  Ex  privilegio  Maximiliani  II.  Imp.  Caes. 
Aug.  When  his  father's  death  had  made  him  the  head  of 
the  press  he  continued  for  some  years  to  employ  the  same 
device.  For  the  Livy  of  1592,  much  inferior  to  the  pres- 
ent edition,  and  of  interest  only  as  showing  the  decline 
into  which  the  Aldine  press,  and  the  Italian  presses  in 
general,  had  fallen  at  the  end  of  the  sixteenth  century,  he 
was  only  indirectly  responsible.  He  left  Venice  in  1585 
and  spent  the  last  years  of  his  life  at  Rome,  as  professor 
of  belles-lettres  and  joint  director  of  the  Vatican  press. 

35.  BIBLIA  LATINA.     Parisiis,  Yolande  Bonhomme, 
vidua  Thielmanni  Kerver,  August  14, 1549. 

Title:   Biblia   sacra,  integrum  vtriusqwe  testamewti 
corpus  complectews,  diligewter  recognita  et  emewdata. 


EARLY  PRINTED  BOOKS  53 

Cum  concordawtijs  simul  et  argumewtis:  cumque  iuris 
canonici  allegationibws  passim  adnotatis.  Insuper  in 
calce  eiusdem  annexe  sunt  nominum  Hebraicorwm,  Chal- 
deorum,  atque  Grecorum  interpretations.  Huic  editiowi 
adiectws  est  Index  verum  et  sentewtiarwm  veteris  et  noui 
testamew^.  [Printer's  device  (shield  bearing  the  initials 
T.  K.  suspended  from  a  tree  and  supported  by  two  uni- 
corns, with  name  THIELMAN.KERVER.  at  foot),  both 
the  title  and  the  device  framed  in  a  woodcut  border]. 
Fol.  562*,  Colophon  :  Parisijs,  ex  omcina  libraria  yolawde 
bonhomme,  Uidue  spectabilis  viri  Thielmanni  Keruer, 
sub  signo  vnicornis  in  vico  sancti  Jacobi  vbi  et  venun- 
datur.  Absolutum  Anno  domini  Millesimo  quingentesimo 
quadragesimo  nono  Decimo  nono  Calendas  Septembris. 
[Printer's  device  on  verso]. 

Octavo.  Sign.  A8,  B4,  a-z,  aa-zz,  A-Y8,  Z6,  aaa-eee8.  602  leaves,  comprising 
12  preliminary  unnumbered  leaves  containing  title,  Ad  divinarum  literarum 
verarumque  divitiarum  amatores  exhortatio,  Librorum  ordo,  Biblie  summa- 
rium,  Gabriel  Bruno's  Tabula  alphabetica  Mstoriarum;  fol.  i-cccccxx,  text; 
30  unnumbered  leaves  Index  rerum  et  sententiarum ;  40  unnumbered  leaves 
Interpretationes  nominum  Hebraicorum,  etc.  Very  small  gothic  letter,  double 
columns,  58  lines  to  the  column.  Six-  to  eight-line  woodcut  initials  of  the 
several  books,  the  unicorns  of  Kerver's  device  appearing  in  that  of  Gen.  i. 
Le  Long-Masch  iii,  2,  149. 

The  octavo  Latin  Bibles  of  the  Kerver  press,  fifteen 
editions  of  which  appeared  between  1508  and  1560,  were 
closely  patterned  after  Froben's  edition,  Basel,  1591  (the 
first  Bible  printed  in  octavo  form),  both  as  regards  the 
text,  based  on  the  "Fontibus  ex  Graecis"  editions,  1478 
ff.,  and  the  introductory  and  supplementary  matter  of 
various  origin  accompanying  it.  The  earliest  of  these 
supplements,  Interpretationes  nominum  Hebraicorum,  an 
etymological  index  of  Hebrew  proper  names,  appeared 
first  in  the  Bible  of  Sweynheym  and  Pannartz,  Rome, 
1471,  and  was  reprinted  without  change  in  most  of  the 
editions  previous  to  1515.  In  the  Complutensian  Polyglot 
it  underwent  revision  and  the  revised  form  appears  in  all 
the  editions  of  Yolande  Bonhomme,  with  due  acknowl- 


54  CATALOGUE  OF 

edgment  to  Cardinal  Ximenes.  The  Index  rerum  et  sen- 
tentiarum,  however,  announced  in  the  title  as  a  new  addi- 
tion to  this  edition  (as  it  had  been  also  announced  in  the 
edition  of  1546,  not  mentioned  by  Masch  and  Copinger,  of 
which  this  is  an  exact  duplicate)  was  borrowed  from  the 
Bible  of  Robert  Stephens,  Paris,  1534,  without  acknowl- 
edgment, perhaps  in  order  the  better  to  escape  the  sus- 
picion of  heresy  attached  to  his  work.  In  Copinger 's 
chronological  table  of  the  printed  editions  of  the  Latin 
Bible  during  the  15th  and  16th  centuries  {Incunabula 
Biblica,  p.  207)  this  is  no.  339,  total  number  562. 

The  Kerver  press  was  less  celebrated  for  its  Bibles 
than  for  liturgical  works,  and  for  the  books  of  private 
devotion  (Horae,  Eeures)  of  which  Brunet  (Manuel,  v, 
col.  1614-27)  enumerates  no  less  than  fifty-six,  printed  by 
Thielmann,  his  widow,  or  his  sons,  between  1497  and  1571. 
The  wood-engravings  with  which  they  were  illustrated 
were  repeated  in  the  successive  editions  and  occasionally 
also  in  the  Bibles.  Two  of  these  borrowed  cuts  are  found 
in  the  present  edition,  facing  the  Old  and  the  New  Testa- 
ment. The  first  represents  the  Expulsion  from  the 
Garden,  but  the  verse  printed  underneath  (Gen.  ii.  7) 
calls  for  the  Creation  of  Adam,  which  in  Yolande's  edi- 
tions of  1526  and  1534  is  actually  present,  while  here 
another  engraving  has  been  substituted,  but  the  verse  left 
standing.  Facing  the  New  Testament,  under  the  heading 
Jesu  Christi  secundum  camem  genealogia,  is  a  genea- 
logical tree  springing  from  "the  root  of  Jesse." 

Following  the  usual  alphabetical  order  of  the  signa- 
tures (A-Z,  aaa-eee),  the  Index  rerum  et  sententiarum 
(sign.  U-Z)  is  here  placed  before  the  Interpretationes 
(sign,  aaa-eee).  This  is  contrary  to  the  direction  of  the 
Collectio  codicum  found  on  the  last  leaf  of  the  Index 
(Z6),  where  the  order  prescribed  is  A-T,  aaa-eee,  U-Z, 
which  is  further  supported  by  the  colophon  and  printer's 
device  on  Z6.  The  Index  as  the  latest  supplement  was 
meant  to  stand  at  the  end  of  the  volume. 


EARLY  PRINTED  BOOKS  55 

Bound  in  oak  boards  covered  with  stamped  leather, 
brass  corners  and  bosses,  gilt  gauffred  edges.  Around 
the  central  boss  of  the  back  cover  is  stamped  the  date 
A.D.  1571,  and  on  the  front  cover,  in  corresponding  posi- 
tion and  order,  the  initials  F  E  P  L  P  F. 

From  the  Osterley  Park  sale,  May,  1885,  with  the  book- 
plate of  Victor  Albert  George  Child  Villiers,  Earl  of 
Jersey.   Leaf  6y2  X  4%  in. 

36.  PHILO    JUD^EUS.      De    divinis    decern    oraculis. 
Lutetiae,  apud  Carolum  Stephanum,  1554. 

Title  :  Philonis  Iudaei  DE  DIVINIS  DECEM  oraculis, 
quae  summa  sunt  legum  capita  Liber,  Iohanne  Vseurseo 
interprete.  [Printer's  device]  LVTETIAE,  Apud 
Carolum  Stephanum,  Typographum  Regium.  M.D.LIIII. 

Octavo.  72  numbered  pages,  followed  by  one  leaf  Ad  lectorem  and  one 
blank.  Pp.  3-6,  dedication  by  the  translator  to  Charles  de  Guise,  Cardinal 
de  Lorraine,  Archbishop  of  Eeims,  to  whom  was  also  dedicated  the  first 
edition  of  the  works  of  Philo  in  Greek,  printed  by  Turnebus,  Paris  1552. 
Printed  on  vellum.  On  p.  7  a  beautiful  seven-line  engraved  initial  E.  The 
device  is  that  chosen  by  the  printer's  brother  Eobert,  the  olive  tree  and  the 
motto  Noli  altum  sapere,  without  the  addition  sed  time. 

Renouard,  Annates  de  I'impr.  des  Estienne,  2e  ed.,  p. 
106 ;  adds  to  his  description  of  the  volume  the  following 
note:  "Dedie  au  cardinal  de  Lorraine,  pour  lequel  il  en 
fut  tire  sur  velin  un  exemplaire  que  depuis  l'on  a  vu 
relie  en  maroq.  jaune  ancien,  avec  une  tete  en  or  sur  la 
couverture.  II  a  passe  dans  une  Bibliotheque  inconnue." 
The  present  copy  answers  completely  to  this  description 
and  is  without  doubt  the  dedication  copy  in  question. 
The  binding  (17th  cent.)  is  yellow  morocco,  browned  by 
age,  gilt  edges,  with  a  medallion  head  in  gold  embossed 
on  the  back  cover.  Within  are  written  names  of  former 
owners;  on  the  title  page  N.  Tetel.  1644  datum  Remis 
and  Claude  Henry  Corrard;  on  the  cover  linings  ex  Libris 
Claudii  Tetel  ad  Mussey(l) ;  Ce  livre  appartient  a  mUe 
Jean  Collot. 


56  CATALOGUE  OF 

By  an  oversight  Renouard  omitted  this  volume  from  his 
list  (p.  271)  of  "Editions  Stephaniennes  dont  on  connoit 
un  ou  plusieurs  exemplaires  imp  rimes  sur  velin."  It 
increases  the  number  to  twenty-three,  seventeen  of  them 
printed  by  the  first  Henri  and  only  six  by  his  descendants. 

Charles  Estienne  (1504?-1564),  a  member  of  a  second 
remarkable  family  of  scholar-printers  of  the  sixteenth 
century,  whose  history  forms  so  interesting  a  parallel  to 
that  of  Aldus  and  his  descendants,  though  he  does  not 
rank  with  his  brother  Robert,  or  Robert's  son  the  second 
Henry,  certainly  brought  no  discredit  on  the  family  name. 
He  was  educated  as  a  physician,  but  when  Robert  with- 
drew to  Geneva  to  escape  the  persecutions  of  the  Sor- 
bonne,  he  took  charge  of  the  Paris  press  and  conducted 
it  with  ability  from  1551  to  1561,  printing  one  hundred 
volumes  and  receiving  the  appointment  of  king's  printer. 
Aside  from  this  attractive  volume  no  vellum  copy  of  his 
books  is  known. 

From  the  Wodhull  sale,  with  the  Wodhull  arms 
stamped  in  gold  on  the  front  cover.  Mem.  within: 
" Payne's  sale.  £3  3s.  M.  Wodhull,  Apr.  14th  1792. 
Collat  &  complet. ' '  On  the  last  blank  leaf  is  entered  the 
date  "Oct.  17th  1808,"  a  record  possibly  of  a  later  "visi- 
tation." Similar  dates,  some  years  later  than  the  date 
of  purchase  are  found  on  the  end  leaves  of  other  Wodhull 
books.    Leaf  7  X  4y2  in. 


UC  SOUTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 


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